بررسی پیامدهای احداث سد آبی بر کشاورزان ساکن در نوار شمالی استان گلستان: مورد مطالعه سد شیرین‌دره

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی،دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران

4 گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی،دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

منافع اقتصادی حاصل از سدها بیشتر از هزینه‌های ساخت آنها تصور شده و از این‌رو یک دلیل منطقی برای ساخت سدها در سراسر دنیا فراهم ساخته است. با این وجود مشخص شده است که ساخت این سازه‌های دست ساز بشر اثرات منفی برای ساکنین در حاشیه رودخانه‌هایی که سدها در مسیر آن احداث شده‌اند نیز به همراه داشته است. از اینرو مقاله حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات احداث سد شیرین‌دره بر وضعیت کشاورزی اراضی تحت پوشش ایستگاه­های پمپاژ حاشیه رودخانه اترک صورت پذیرفته است. به­منظور دستیابی به این هدف، این مطالعه به‌صورت کتابخانه­ای و میدانی انجام شد و داده‌های مورد نیاز با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه گردآوری گردید. روایی محتوایی ابزار تحقیق با نظر­خواهی از اساتید گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران و گروه جغرافیای دانشگاه پیام نور-مرکز گنبد تایید گردید و پایایی آن نیز پس از انجام پیش‌آزمون از طریق ضریب آلفای کرونباخ بدست آمد که مقدار آن برای بخش‌های مختلف پرسشنامه بالاتر از 7/0 که حاکی از مناسب بودن ابزار اندازه­گیری بود. جامعه آماری تحقیق حاضر دو گروه روستائیان و متولیان ایستگاه­های پمپاژ مستقر در حاشیه رودخانه بودند. حجم نمونه برای جامعه آماری روستائیان (2417 خانوار) با استفاده از فرمول کوکران تعداد 160 نفر بود و نمونه­گیری به روش طبقه­ای با انتساب متناسب انجام گرفت و همچنین از طریق سرشماری تعداد 14 نفر از متولیان ایستگاه­های پمپاژ آب بهره­برداری شده مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج حاکی از تفاوت معنی­داری بین وضعیت کشاورزی از دیدگاه روستائیان و متولیان ایستگاه­های پمپاژ قبل و بعد از احداث سد بود. نتایج تحلیل عاملی اثرات مثبت نشان داد که پنج عامل اثرات اجتماعی، کشاورزی، زیست­محیطی، اقتصادی و مکانیزاسیون در مجموع 21/62 درصد از واریانس را تبیین کرده­اند. نتایج تحلیل عاملی اثرات منفی سد شیرین‌دره نیز نشان داد، چهار عامل اثرات فیزیکی، شیمیایی، اجتماعی و زیست­محیطی 95/65 درصد کل واریانس را تبیین کرده است. با توجه به اینکه ایستگاه‌های پمپاژ مساحت زمین‌های آبی و تولیدات آنها را افزایش داده، پیشنهاد می‌شود آنها را مجهز به تاسیسات جانبی از جمله سیستم آبیاری تحت فشار و آببندان‌ها نموده تا شرایط صرفه‌جویی در منابع آبی محدود منطقه، آبیاری اراضی زراعی بیشتر و اهداف گسترش شیلات (پرورش ماهیان سرد آبی و گرم آبی) در منطقه محقق شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Effects of Shirin Dareh Dam Construction on Farmers Living in Lands Covered by Pumping Stations along the Atrak River

نویسندگان [English]

  • Khalil Kalantari 1
  • Ali Asadi 2
  • mohsen adeli sardooei 3
  • Sara Mokhat 4
1 Department of Agricultural Management and Development, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Agricultural Management and Development, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.
4 Department of Management and Agricultural Development, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The economic benefits of dams have been outweighing the costs of this artificial handmade construction by human being, so it has been providing a rational reason for building them. However, it has been found that the construction of these handmade structures has had a strong effect on the residents along the river, in which have been settling along with. To do so, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Shirin Dareh Dam construction on the agricultural status of lands covered by pumping stations along the Atrak River. To achieve this goal, field and library studies were conducted. This research was a survey and the data collection tool was a questionnaire including closed and open questions. The content validity of the research tool was confirmed in consultation with prominent professors of the Department of Agricultural Management and Development, University of Tehran and the Department of Geography, Payame Noor University, Gonbad Center. The statistical population of the present study was two groups of villagers and guards of pumping stations located along the river. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for different parts of the study was higher than 0.7, which indicated that the reliability measurement tool was appropriate. The statistical population of the present study was two groups of villagers and custodians of pumping stations located along the river. The sample size for the statistical population of the villagers using the Cochran's formula was 136 people and to increase the reliability of the data was increased to 160 residents, besides 14 custodians of pumping stations water pumping stations were studied. The results indicated a significant difference between the agricultural situation of the villagers and those in charge of pumping stations before and after the construction of the dam. Factor analysis of positive effects showed that five factors of social, agricultural, environmental, economic and mechanization effects explained a total of 62.21% of the variance. Factor analysis of the negative effects of Shirin Darreh Dam also showed that four factors of physical, chemical, social and environmental effects explained 65.95% of the total variance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Shirin Darreh Reservoir Dam
  • Irrigated Arable Land
  • Water Pumping Stations
  • Water Supply
  • Villages of River Edge

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 53، شماره 4
تیر 1401
صفحه 871-884

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