ارزیابی تاثیر عملیات نامناسب تجهیز، نوسازی و یکپارچه سازی اراضی بر کیفیت حاصلخیزی خاک‌های شالیزاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش فیزیک خاک و آبیاری، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 بخش خاک و آب، موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات ارزیابی اراضی، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

4 بخش فنی و مهندسی، موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

چکیده

یکی از راه­های ارتقای مدیریت زراعی اراضی شالیزاری به منظور تولید پایدار برنج، عملیات تجهیز نوسازی و یکپارچه­سازی اراضی کشاورزی است. با این حال به نظر می­رسد به دلیل برخی کاستی­ها این کار به تمامی اهداف خود دست نمی­یابد. بنابراین، هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی میزان تاثیر عملیات تسطیح بر غیریکنواختی و شدت تغییرات حاصلخیزی خاک شالیزاری با استفاده از منطق­ فازی و شاخص تلفیقی کیفیت حاصلخیزی خاک در اراضی شالیزاری روستای خسروآباد شهرستان فومن در استان گیلان بود که در آن عملیات تجهیز نوسازی و یکپارچه­سازی اراضی کشاورزی انجام شده بود. در دو مرحله پیش و پس از اجرای عملیات ، به­ترتیب 95 و 126 نمونه خاک از افق­های سطحی تهیه و سپس برخی ویژگی­های خاک مرتبط با حاصلخیزی (هدایت الکتریکی، رس، کربن آلی، نیتروژن کل، فسفر و پتاسیم قابل استفاده) برنج اندازه­گیری شدند. در مرحله بعد، با استفاده از توابع فازی، ویژگی­های کمی خاک به متغیرهای کیفی تبدیل و با استفاده از تاثیر وزن در متغیرهای کیفی، شاخص تلفیقی کیفیت حاصلخیزی محاسبه شد. نتایج ویژگی­های اندازه گیری شده، شاخص­های تلفیقی محاسبه شده و پهنه­های تولید شده از آن­ها نشان دادند که در اثر عملیات تسطیح، میانگین مقدار رس افزایش یافته (9/76 درصد) و کربن آلی، نیتروژن، فسفر قابل استفاده و پتاسیم قابل استفاده به طور معنی‌داری (به ترتیب 37 درصد، 32 درصد، 7/41 درصد  و 3/20 درصد) کاهش پیدا کردند، که از دلایل عمده آن می­توان به عملیات خاک­برداری و در سطح قرار گرفتن خاک زیر سطحی با رس بیشتر و غلظت کمتر عناصر غذایی در افق زیرین اشاره کرد. شاخص تلفیقی کیفیت حاصلخیزی خاک نیز در بیشتر مناطق مطالعه شده (9/41 درصد) کاهش یافت. در نتیجه به نظر می­رسد اجرای نامناسب عملیات تجهیز نوسازی و یکپارچه­سازی اراضی کشاورزی با کاهش حاصلخیزی خاک سطحی، اثرات منفی و طولانی مدت در اراضی کشاورزی خواهد داشت که رفع آنها سبب افزایش هزینه تولید می شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Effect of Improper Land Equipment, Renovation, and Integration Operation on the Fertility Quality of Paddy Soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • Naser Davatgar 1
  • maryam Shakouri 2
  • Bahareh Delsouz khaki 3
  • Mohammad Reza Yazdani 4
1 aDepartment of Soil Physics and Irrigation, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural research, Education and extension organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 Department of Soil and water, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and extension organization, Rasht, Iran
3 Department of Land Evaluation, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
4 Department of Technical and engineering department, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural research, Education and extension organization, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the practices to improve the agricultural management of paddy fields for sustainable rice production is land equipment, renovation, and integration operations. However, due to some shortcomings, this does not seem to achieve all its goals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of land leveling operations on non-uniformity and severity of changes in soil fertility using fuzzy logic and integrated fertility quality index, in paddy fields of Khosroabad village which is located in fouman city in Guilan province where the land equipment, renovation, and integration operation has been done. In two stages, before and after land leveling operations, 95 and 126 soil samples were prepared from surface horizons, respectively, and then some soil properties related to rice fertility (electrical conductivity, clay, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium) were measured. In the next step, using fuzzy functions, soil quantitative characteristics were converted into qualitative variables and by using the effect of weight on qualitative variables, the integrated fertility quality index was calculated. The results of measured properties, calculated indices, and the produced maps from them, showed that due to the land leveling operation, the average amount of clay increased (76/9%), and organic carbon, nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium decreased (37, 32%, 41/7 %, and 20/3%, respectively) significantly. One of the main reasons for this is excavation operations and the placement of subsurface soil with more clay and lower concentrations of nutrients in the lower horizon. The integrated fertility quality index also decreased (from an average of 0.31 to 0.18) in most of the studied areas. As a result, it seems that improper implementation of agricultural land equipment, renovation, and integration operations, by reducing the fertility of topsoil, will have long-term negative effects on agricultural land, that elimination of which, will increase the cost of production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fuzzy logic
  • integrated fertility index
  • soil quality
  • spatial statistics

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 53، شماره 3
خرداد 1401
صفحه 571-583

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