کاربرد ویناس و اسید هیومیک بر قابلیت دسترسی پتاسیم خاک و عملکرد نیشکر در شرایط کمبود عناصر پرمصرف

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه خاکشناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

2 عضو هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، اهواز، ایران

3 عضو هیات علمی گروه خاکشناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

4 گروه کشاورزی، واحد شاهین شهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهین شهر، ایران

چکیده

نیشکر مانند همه گیاهان قندی نیاز بالایی به پتاسیم دارد با این‌حال اضافه‌کردن بلندمدت کودهای شیمیایی در زمین‌های کشاورزی موجب تخریب خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک می‌شود. پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر ویناس و هیومیک اسید بر غلظت پتاسیم خاک و عملکرد گیاه نیشکر جهت کاهش کاربرد کودهای توصیه شده منطقه می‌باشد. این پژوهش مزرعه‌ای در سال زراعی ۱۳۹۸ به‌صورت کرت­های دوبار خرد شده در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. عامل‌های آزمایش شامل ویناس در سه سطح: صفر، 50 و 100 مترمکعب در هکتار، هیومیک اسید در سه سطح: صفر، 5/2 و 5 کیلوگرم در هکتار و تیمار کودی عناصر پرمصرف در دو سطح: توصیه شده و 50 درصد توصیه شده اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد کاربرد ویناس و اسید هیومیک بر غلظت تمام شکل‌های پتاسیم خاک تأثیر معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال یک درصد داشت. نتایج اثرات ساده نشان داد میانگین پتاسیم تبادلی و محلول در تیمارهای (100 مترمکعب ویناس)، (۵ کیلوگرم هیومیک اسید) و (کود توصیه شده) به ترتیب 275، ۱۶۵ و ۲۲۱ درصد و 692، 371 و 484 درصد بیشتر نسبت به شاهد است. اثرات متقابل پتاسیم تبادلی و محلول در ترکیب (100 مترمکعب ویناس، ۵ کیلوگرم هیومیک اسید و کود توصیه شده) به ترتیب ۳۸۴ و 882 درصد بیشتر نسبت به شاهد است. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد به ترتیب در تیمار (50 مترمکعب ویناس) و (100 مترمکعب ویناس) به میزان 6/61 و 2/28 تن در هکتار و اثرات متقابل بالاترین عملکرد در تیمار (۵۰ مترمکعب ویناس، ۵ کیلوگرم هیومیک اسید و نصف کود توصیه شده) به مقدار 2/75 تن در هکتار است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد ویناس و هیومیک اسید می­تواند به‌خوبی به‌عنوان جایگزینی برای کودهای شیمیایی عمل کند و با مدیریت صحیح مصرف کودهای شیمیایی را کاهش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Application of Vinasse and Humic Acid on Soil Potassium Availability and Sugarcane Yield in Conditions of Deficiency of Macro-Elements

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sayyed Zahra JafariNaini 1
  • alireza jafarnejadi 2
  • Kamran Mohsenifar 3
  • teimour babaeinejad 3
  • Ali Gholami 4
1 Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
2 2. Department of Soil and Water Research, Research Center Agricultural and education and Natural resources Khuzestan Province, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
4 Department of Agriculture, Shahinshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahinshahr, Iran
چکیده [English]

Sugarcane, like all sugar plants, has a high need for potassium. However, the long-term addition of chemical fertilizers to agricultural land degrades the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The aim of present study is to investigate the effect of Vinasse and Humic acid on soil potassium concentration and sugarcane yield to reduce recommended fertilizers in the region. This field study was conducted in 2019 as double split plots in the form of randomized complete blocks. Experimental agents include Vinasse at three levels: 0, 50 and 100 cubic meters per hectare, Humic acid at three levels: 0, 2.5 and 5 kg per hectare and fertilizer treatment of high consumption elements at two levels: recommended and 50% recommended. The results showed that the use of Vinasse and Humic acid had a significant effect on the concentration of all soil potassium forms at a probability level of one percent. The results of simple effects showed that the average of exchangeable and soluble potassium in treatments (100m3 Vinasse), (5kg Humic acid) and (recommended fertilizer) were more than the control by 275, 165, 221% and 692, 371, 484% respectively. The interactions of exchangeable and soluble potassium in the composition (100m3 Vinasse, 5 kg of recommended Humic acid and fertilizer) are 384 and 882% higher than the control, respectively. The results showed the highest and lowest yields in (50m3 Vinasse) and (100m3 Vinasse) treatments at the rate of 61.6 and 28.2 tons per hectare, respectively, and the interactions of the highest yield in (50m3 Vinasse, 5 Kg Humic acid and 50% recommended fertilizer) treatment is 75.2 tons per hectare. The results showed that Vinasse and Humic acid can act well as alternatives to chemical fertilizers and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers with proper management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil solution
  • Exchangeable potassium
  • Fertilizer treatment
  • Soil depth

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 53، شماره 3
خرداد 1401
صفحه 447-458

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