رویکرد زنده‌مانی سازگار-محور بر ارزیابی شرایط سلامت پیکره‌های آبی پذیرنده‌ی پساب‌ها و زهاب‌ها با بهره‌گیری از نرخ SOD بستر و پارامترهای وابسته (مطالعه‌ی موردی: رودخانه‌ی کرخه، محدوده‌ی اثرِ دشت‌های پای‌پل، جنوب‌غربی ایران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دپارتمان مهندسی عمران و محیط زیست، گروه مهندسی آب و فاضلاب، پردیس بین‌المللی دانشگاه تهران، ایران

2 دپارتمان مهندسی، دانشکده تحصیلات تکمیلی محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

3 دانشکده‌ی مهندسی عمران و محیط زیست ( گروه مهندسی آب و محیط زیست)، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران

چکیده

رودخانه‌ها به­عنوان شریان‌های حیات‌بخش زمین، نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای را در تنظیم رفتارهای عملکردی اکوسیستم‌های مرتبط و پشتیبانی از زندگی انسان‌ها بر عهده دارند.با توجه به اهمیت موضوع، در تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی شرایط سلامت و زنده‌مانی رودخانه‌ها و آگاهی از پتانسیل آسیب‌پذیری آنها،در چارچوب رویکرد مبتنی بر شاخص پایدار-مدار و بستر-محور، از نرخ اکسیژن‌خواهی رسوب (SOD) و فاکتورهای وابسته به آن شامل بافت، توزیع ذرات ریزدانه، مواد مغذی (کل مواد آلی) همراه با برخی پارامترهای پایه‌ی آب رودخانه استفاده بعمل آمده است. نمونه‌های موردنیاز از 9 ایستگاه واقع بر رودخانه‌ی کرخه، در محدوده‌ی زون‌های هدف، برداشت گردید. سپس، آزمایش‌های لازم با استفاده از تجهیزات مدرن و روش‌های استاندارد انجام گرفت و داده‌های SOD با در نظر گرفتن روابط و پارامترهای دخیل، محاسبه و آنالیز شدند. نتایج نشان داد که دامنه‌ی تغییرات SOD بین 71/0 تا 74/1 g O2/m2/day قرار دارد. همچنین، یک معادله‌ی تجربی برای استفاده در منطقه‌ی پروژه با بهره‌گیری از برنامه‌ی MATLAB پیش‌بینی و کلاس‌های کیفی مختلف تعریف گردید. خروجی مطالعات بیانگر آن شد که تناسب کیفی و شرایط سلامت رودخانه در کلاس‌های B و C واقع می‌باشد. علاوه بر آن، هرچه میزان غلظت مواد مغذی رسوبات زیادتر و دانه‌بندی ذرات آنها ریزتر می‌شود، به تبع آن، نرخ SOD نیز افزایش می‌یابد. نرخ کاهش بار آلودگی از منشا، تحت یک سری اقدامات موثر ‌BMPs در دامنه‌ای از 15 تا 66 درصد نیز از خروجی‌های این تحقیق بوده است. در نهایت، یافته‌های حاصل از این مطالعه، به­عنوان یک ابزار تشخیصی سریع، می‌تواند سیاستگزاران، متولیان و ذینفعان منابع آب منطقه را در جهت حفظ شرایط سلامت سامانه‌ی رودخانه‌ای، با تمرکز بر مدیریت موثر زهاب‌ها و پساب­ها، و انتخاب مناسب مکان‌های تخلیه، یاری نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Adaptive Survivability-based Approach to Assess the Health Condition of the Rivers Receiving Wastewaters, Using SOD Rate and Its Associated Parameters (Case study: Karkheh River, Target Zones beside the Pay-e-Pol Plains, SW-Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azim Ashayeri 1
  • Nasser Mehrdadi 2
  • Taghi Ebadi 3
1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water and Wastewater Engineering Group, International Campus (AIC), University of Tehran, Iran
2 College of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran., Iran
چکیده [English]

As the veins of the Earth, Rivers have a determinative role in regulating the functional behaviors of their linked ecosystems and supporting human life. This research was conducted to address the major issue to assess the river's health and survival condition alongside its vulnerability potential, using a benthic-based sustainability index. For this purpose, river-bed sediment oxygen demand (SOD) rate and its associated factors, including Texture, fine-PSD, Nutrients (TOM), besides some basic field parameters of river-water were measured. All required samples were collected from 9 sampling points located on the target zones of Karkheh River in due course. SOD data with regard to related factors were calculated and analyzed. The rates of SOD ranged from 0.71 to 1.74 g O2/m2/day. Further, this index was classified in varied quality domains. Afterward, a predictive equation was determined among SOD rate and its associated parameters using MATLAB software. Finally, the results revealed that the river health suitability in the research area is in categories moderately clean and slightly degraded during the study period. Additionally, the increase in TOM concentrations, together with a decrease in sediment particle size, led to an increase in SOD-rate accordingly. The source pollution load reduction rate under the optimal suites of BMPs in the range of 15 to 66 percent was also one of the outputs of this research.  In conclusion, the consequences of this study can be used as a rapid diagnostic tool to support regional water authorities and other stakeholders to promote the best practices for protecting the health condition of the riverine system, focusing on selecting the appropriate discharge points along the receiving watercourse and on effectively managing the drain-waters/effluents.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • SOD rate
  • Benthic-based Approach
  • River Health
  • Aquatic Ecosystem
  • Karkheh Sub-basin

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