بهینه‌سازی فرآیند پلت‌سازی کمپوست باگاس نیشکر به‌کمک روش سطح پاسخ و ارزیابی نرخ آزادسازی نیتروژن از پلت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، گروه مهندسی فنی کشاورزی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی فنی کشاورزی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور افزایش قابلیت کاربرد کمپوست برای مصارف کشاورزی در یک مقیاس وسیع به‌عنوان یک کود پایدار کند رهش نیتروژن و همچنین کاهش هزینه‌های مربوط به انبار و حمل و نقل، بهبود ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و مکانیکی کمپوست اهمیت دارد و پلت‌سازی یکی از فرآیندهای کاربردی رایج برای تحقق این اهداف است. در این پژوهش فرآیند پلت‌سازی کمپوست‌ باگاس نیشکر به‌روش قالب با انتهای بسته درون یک واحد پلت‌ساز منفرد مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. تأثیر متغیرهای مستقل موثر بر فرآیند پلت‌سازی مانند اندازه ذرات (1، 5/2 و 4 میلی‌متر)، محتوای رطوبت (8، 12 و 20 درصد) و فشار تراکم (50، 100 و 150 مگاپاسکال) بر متغیرهای پاسخ‌ از قبیل مصرف انرژی ویژه، حداکثر مقاومت شکست و چگالی پلت‌های تولید شده با استفاده از روش سطح پاسخ-طرح باکس بنکن (BBD-RSM) ارزیابی و بهینه‌سازی شد. نتایج بهینه‌سازی نشان دادند که در شرایط بهینه اندازه ذرات 4 میلیمتر، محتوای رطوبت 20 درصد وزنی و فشار تراکم 50 مگاپاسکال، کمینه مقدار مصرف انرژی ویژه 119/2 مگاژول بر تن و بیشینه مقادیر حداکثر مقاومت شکست و چگالی پلت به‌ترتیب 35/28 کیلوگرم و 871/0 گرم بر سانتیمتر مکعب با تابع مطلوبیت 706/0 پیشنهاد می‌شود. در ادامه، نرخ آزادسازی نیتروژن از پلت در محیط آب و خاک برای کود پلت کمپوست باگاس نیشکر در ترکیب با اوره با نسبت 1:1 درصد وزنی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نرخ آزادسازی نیتروژن نشان داد که مقدار 61 درصد نیتروژن پلت به‌مدت پنج روز در محیط آب آزاد می‌شود درحالی‌که آزادسازی 80 درصد نیتروژن از پلت به درون خاک 98 روز به طول می‌انجامد. به‌طور کلی، یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان دادند که کود پلت تولیدشده از ترکیب کمپوست باگاس نیشکر و اوره قادر است نیتروژن را برای یک دوره طولانی‌تری نسبت به کودهای متداول نیتروژنی مانند اوره برای گیاه تامین کند. از نتایج این پژوهش می‌توان استنباط نمود که کود پلت ترکیبی کمپوست-اوره به‌عنوان یک کود کند رهش نیتروژن، می‌تواند پتانسیل بسیار زیادی برای کاربرد در تغذیه گیاهان داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimization of Pelletizing Process of Sugarcane Bagasse Compost Using Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Release Rate of Nitrogen from Pellet

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ehsan Sarlaki 1
  • Mohammad Hossein Kianmehr 2
  • Marzieh Ghorbani 1
  • Behzad Azadegan 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Agrotechnology, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Full Professor, Department of Agrotechnology, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department of Irrigation and Drainage, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To increase the applicability of compost for agricultural utilizations on a large scale as a sustainable slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, as well as reducing the limitations of their handling, transportation, and storage, it is important to improve their physical and mechanical properties, and pelletization is the most applicable process to achieve these goals. In the present study, the pelletizing process of sugarcane bagasse compost using a closed-end die within a single pelletizer unit was investigated. Composted hammer milled sugarcane bagasse with three particle size (1, 2.5, and 4 mm), three moisture content (8, 12, and 20 %) under three compaction pressure (50, 100, and 150 MPa) was densified and the effect of these factors on specific energy consumption, maximum breaking strength and density of produced pellets were evaluated and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum value of specific energy consumption (2.11 MJ/t), maximum breaking strength (28.35 kg), and particle density (0.871 g/cm3) were suggested from BBD-RSM for pelletization of sugarcane bagasse compost under optimal conditions of using 4-mm particle size, 20 wb% moisture content and 50 MPa compaction pressure with desirability function of 0.706. Then, the rate of nitrogen release in soil and water for pelletized mixed sugarcane bagasse compost-urea fertilizer at a ratio of 1:1 wt% was investigated. The results of the nitrogen release rate showed that 61% of nitrogen was released into the water during five days while the release of nitrogen in soil was 80% during 98 days for pelletized mixed compost-urea fertilizer. In general, the findings of this study showed that the pelletized fertilizers produced from the compost-urea mixture are capable to supply nitrogen to the plant for a longer period relative to conventional nitrogen fertilizers such as urea. It could be deduced from this research that pelletized mixed compost-urea fertilizers have great potential for use in crop nutrition as a sustainable slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sugarcane bagasse compost
  • pelletization
  • specific energy consumption
  • response surface methodology
  • sustainable slow-release nitrogen fertilizer

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 52، شماره 4
تیر 1400
صفحه 1117-1133

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