دامنه بهینه چگالی ظاهری نسبی بدست‌آمده از آزمون پروکتور و تنش محوری 200 کیلو پاسکال برای رشد آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 عضو هیئت علمی /گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش تعیین حدود بحرانی و دامنه بهینه چگالی ظاهری نسبی (RBD) به­دست­آمده از آزمون پروکتور (RBDProctor) و تنش محوری 200 کیلو پاسکال (RBD200kPa) یک خاک لومی-رسی-سیلتی بر اساس وزن نسبی دانه، وزن نسبی خشک شاخساره، ارتفاع نسبی و حجم نسبی ریشه گیاه آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) بود. مقادیر نسبی از تقسیم میانگین مقادیر مطلق صفات مذکور در هر گلدان بر بیشینۀ مشاهده­شده همان صفت به­دست آمد. دامنه­ای از چگالی ظاهری خاک (35/1 تا Mg m-3 59/1) در 10 گلدان (cm 50 × cm 40 و عمق cm 50) توسط غلطک­هایی با جرم­های متفاوت ایجاد شدند. آفتابگردان کشت­ شده در گلدان­ها در فضای باز قرار گرفت و در طول آزمایش وزن گلدان­ها و میزان آب زهکشی شده به­صورت روزانه اندازه­گیری ­شد. مقدار رطوبت خاک در گلدان­ها توسط آبیاری در محدوده FC تا FC6/0 نگه داشته شد. دامنه بهینه RBDProctor و RBD200kPa دامنه­ای پنداشته شد که در آن صفت­های نسبی گیاه بزرگتر یا مساوی 95/0 بیشینۀ پیش­بینی­شده با معادلۀ برازش یافته بر داده­های نسبی در برابر RBD باشد. عملکرد دانه آفتابگردان در RBDProctor برابر 854/0 به حداکثر مقدار رسید و دامنه بهینه RBDProctor برای وزن نسبی دانه بین 823/0 تا 884/0 به­دست آمد. مقادیر متناظر برای RBD200kPa به ترتیب برابر 975/0، 940/0 تا 009/1 بودند. این یافته­ها نشان داد که در RBD کمتر از حد پایین یا بیشتر از حد بالای شروع محدودیت، شرایط نامناسب فیزیکی خاک سبب کاهش عملکرد دانه آفتابگردان می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimal range of relative bulk density obtained using proctor and axial stress of 200 kPa for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) growth

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sahar Aghaei 1
  • Sara Nazari 1
  • Hossein Asgarzadeh 2
  • Habib Khodaverdiloo 3
1 Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to determine the critical limits and optimal range of relative bulk density (RBD) obtained using proctor test (RBDProctor) and axial stress of 200 kPa (RBD200kPa) for a silty clay loam soil which were determined based on relative grain yield, relative shoot dry, relative height and relative root volume of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The relative values were obtained by dividing the absolute mean values of mentioned traits to observed maximum values of each trait. A range of soil bulk density (1.35 to 1.59 Mg m-3) was prepared in 10 bins (40 cm × 50 cm with 50 cm depth) using rollers of different weights. The bins were located out-doors after sowing sunflower and the weight of bins and drained water volume were measured daily. The soil water content was retained in the range of field capacity (FC) to 0.6FC through irrigation. The optimal ranges of RBDProctor and RBD200kPa were assumed to be the ranges in which the relative traits of sunflower were greater or equal to 0.95 of maximum value predicted by obtained equations fitted to relative data versus RBD. Sunflower yield was maximum at RBDProctor equal to 0.854 and the optimal range of RBDProctor based on relative grain yield was from 0.823 to 0.884. In this range sunflower relative grain yield was greater or equal to 95%. The corresponding values of RBD200kPa were 0.975, 0.940 to 1.009, respectively. This finding revealed that at the RBD values less than lower limit and greater than upper limit of starting restriction, unsuitable physical conditions reduce sunflower relative grain yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Optimal range of relative bulk density
  • Proctor test
  • Axial stress of 200 kPa
  • Sunflower grain yield
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