اثربخشی تغییر روش آبیاری و آرایش کاشت چغندرقند بر بهره‌وری آب، عملکرد و راندمان کاربرد آب در دشت میاندوآب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار ،مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی ، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، البرز، ایران

2 گروه آب،دانشکده کشاورزی ،دانشگاه ارومیه ، ارومیه ، ایران

3 گروه مهندسی آب،دانشکده کشاورزی ،دانشگاه ارومیه ، ارومیه ، ایران

4 دانشکاه بوعلی سینا همدان

چکیده

چغندرقند از محصولات اصلی و با نیاز آبی بالا در حوضه آبریز دریاچه ارومیه می­باشد. آرایش کاشت و روش آبیاری چغندرقند تأثیر به­سزایی در افزایش راندمان کاربرد آب، عملکرد و بهره­وری فیزیکی آب این محصول دارد. برای بررسی تأثیر روش آبیاری و آرایش کاشت در این سه شاخص، یک مطالعه میدانی در سال زراعی 96-1395 در دو مزرعه پایلوت (مزارع A و B) در شبکه آبیاری و زهکشی میاندوآب و تحت مدیریت زارعین، انجام گردید. در این مطالعه بخشی از هر مزرعه به‌عنوان شاهد (آرایش کاشت مرسوم و آبیاری نواری) و بخشی دیگر به­عنوان تیمار (تغییر آرایش کاشت و تغییر روش آبیاری سطحی از نواری به جویچه­ای) در نظر گرفته شد. قسمت شاهد هر مزرعه به‌صورت شیارهایی کم­ارتفاع در داخل نوار و با فواصل 50 سانتی­متر (IA-C و IB-C) و قسمت تیمار هر مزرعه به­صورت آرایش کشت دو ردیفه (اصطلاحاً آرایش 60×40 سانتی­متر: IIA-T و IIB-T) و روش آبیاری جویچه­ای بود. مطابق نتایج، بیش­ترین راندمان کاربرد آب در قسمت IIA-T با 2/77 درصد و کمترین راندمان کاربرد آب در IB-C با 2/10 درصد به دست آمد. متوسط راندمان کاربرد آب (طی 12 آبیاری) در بخش­های IIA-T و IIB-T به­ترتیب 5/54 و 1/51 درصد و در بخش­های IA-C و IB-C به­ترتیب برابر 7/38 و 3/39 درصد به دست آمد. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، با تغییر الگوی کاشت از روش مرسوم منطقه به آرایش کاشت دو ردیفه 60×40 و تغییر روش آبیاری، مقدار آب آبیاری به­طور متوسط 7/29 درصد کاهش و متوسط عملکرد چغندرقند در دو مزرعه از 3/64 به 74 تن در هکتار افزایش یافت (افزایش 2/15 درصد). بهره­وری فیزیکی آب چغندرقند نیز از مقدار متوسط 75/3 به 47/6 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب افزایش یافت (افزایش 71/2 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب).

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Impact of Changing Irrigation Method and Planting Spacing on Water Productivity, Yield and Application Efficiency of Sugar Beet in Miandoab Plain

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Dehghanisanij 1
  • Milad Ebrahimi 2
  • Vahid Rezaverdinejad 3
  • Afrooz Taghizadehghasab 4
1 Associate Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
2 Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
4 Bouali University Hamedan
چکیده [English]

Sugar beet is one of the main products with high water requirement in Urmia Lake basin. Planting spacing and irrigation method of sugar beet has an important impact on increasing irrigation efficiency, crop yield and physical water productivity of this crop. In order to investigate the effect of planting spacing on irrigation efficiency, physical water productivity and crop yield, a field study was conducted on two pilot farms (A and B) in Miandoab irrigation network under farmer’s management during 2017. In this study a part of each farm was considered as control (common planting spacing and border irrigation) and the other part was considered as treatment (change the planting spacing and surface irrigation method from border to furrow irrigation). The control part of the farm included a low height groove inside the border and at 50 cm intervals (IA-C and IB-C) and the treatment part of each farm included two-row crop planting of sugar beet (so-called 40×60 cm: IIA-T and IIB-T) and furrow irrigation. According to the results, the maximum water application efficiency was obtained about 77.2% in IIA-T and the lowest efficiency was obtained about 10.2% in IB-C. The average irrigation efficiency (in 12 irrigation) in IIA-T and IIB-T were 54.5% and 51.1%, respectively and in IA-C and IB-C were 38.7% and 39.3%, respectively. Based on the results, by changing the planting pattern from common spacing to two-row (40×60) and irrigation method from border to furrow, the average water consumption reduced about 29.7% and the average yield increase from 64.3 to 74 ton/ha (increase by 15.2%). Also, the average physical productivity of sugar beet increased from 3.75 to 6.47 kg/m3 (increase of 2.71 kg/m3).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • : Application Efficiency
  • Furrow Irrigation
  • Modified Irrigation
  • Physical Productivity
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