مدل‌سازی ناحیه اختلاط آب سطحی و زیرزمینی با استفاده از مدل‌های MODFLOW، MT3D و RT3D

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی منابع آب، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

3 کارشناس ارشد هیدروژئولوژی و مدلسازی آب زیرزمینی، شرکت آرکادیس کانادا، تورنتو، کانادا.

چکیده

ناحیه‌ی اختلاط منطقه‌ی فعالی است که در آن آب‌های زیرزمینی و سطحی مخلوط می‌شوند و از این طریق، آلاینده‌های موجود در آب‌های سطحی به آب‌های زیرزمینی منتقل می‌شوند. در مطالعه حاضر به نقش ناحیه اختلاط رودخانه زرجوب و آبخوان فومنات و بررسی تأثیر آن بر کیفیت آب زیرزمینی از طریق مدل‌سازی پرداخته شده است. برای رسیدن به این هدف، در سال آبی 96-1395، از سه نقطه در رودخانه زرجوب و سه حلقه چاه در اطراف رودخانه زرجوب نمونه‌برداری انجام شد. در ادامه، ناحیه اختلاط برای دو پارامتر غیرواکنشی (TDS) و واکنشی (NO3) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. هنگامی که هدف تعیین ناحیه اختلاط پارامتر TDS بود با تغییر غلظت TDS رودخانه و استفاده از مدل­های MODFLOW و MT3D رفتار آبخوان در مجاورت رودخانه زرجوب در دو فصل زراعی و غیرزراعی بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که ناحیه اختلاط در فصل غیرزراعی در فاصله 20 متری از رودخانه است. درحالی‌که این فاصله در فصل زراعی به طور قابل­توجهی کمتر از 20 متری از رودخانه قرار می­گیرد. همچنین ارزیابی غلظت TDS آب زیرزمینی در دو فصل نشان داد که غلظت TDS در فصل زراعی کاهش بیشتری نسبت به فصل غیرزراعی دارد که این می­تواند به دلیل افزایش بهره­برداری از آبخوان و سرعت بالاتر حرکت آب زیرزمینی در فصل زراعی باشد. سپس، برای تعیین ناحیه اختلاط پارامتر NO3 از مدل­های MODFLOW و  RT3D استفاده شد. در این بخش برای تعیین اثر فعالیت­های میکروبی، مدل در دو حالت اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که در حالت بدون اعمال تجزیه زیستی در ناحیه اختلاط، این ناحیه در فاصله 25 متری از رودخانه قرار می­گیرد، درحالی­که در حالت اعمال تجزیه زیستی، ناحیه اختلاط در فاصله کمتر از 20 متر قرار می­گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Modeling Surface and Ground Water Hyporheic Zone Using MODFLOW, MT3D and RT3D Models

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Usefi 1
  • Somaye Janatrostami 2
  • Kourosh Mohammadi 3
1 M.Sc. Graduate of water resources engineering, Department of Water Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
3 Senior Hydrogeologist and Groundwater Modeller, Arcadis Canada, Toronto, Canada.
چکیده [English]

Hyporheic zone is an active area that groundwater and surface water are mixed together in that zone. Any existing contamination in the surface water can be transferred to groundwater through this zone. In this research, the hyporheic zone beneath Zarjoob River and above Foomanat Aquifer was investigated by modeling to understand the impact of river on groundwater quality. For this purpose, three stations and three nearby groundwater wells were selected and water samples were collected in Year 2006-2007. The hyporheic zone was modeled for TDS as conservative parameter and NO3 as non-conservative parameter. MODFLOW and MT3D were used to simulate TDS in the hyporheic zone in two seasons; the agricultural season and non-agricultural season. The results showed that the hyporheic zone in non-agricultural season is 20 m far from the river, while in the agricultural season it was significantly less than 20 m. The results also showed that the reduction rate of TDS in agricultural season was more than that in non-agricultural season. This could be due to more groundwater use and increase in groundwater flow velocity. In the next step, NO3 was simulated using MODFLOW and RT3D. The simulation was carried out for two scenarios; with and without biodegradation. The results showed that without considering biodegradation, the hyporheic zone would extend to 25 m far from the river while with biodegradation it would be reduced to 20 m.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aquifer
  • River
  • TDS
  • NO3
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