تأثیر مدیریت‌های آبیاری جویچه‌ای بر روند رشد ریشه گیاه ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مدیریت آبیاری یکی از عوامل بسیار مهم و تأثیرگذار بر روند گسترش و توزیع ریشه گیاه است که مورد توجه بسیاری از محققین است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی چگونگی رشد و توزیع ریشه گیاه ذرت در مدیریت‌های مختلف آبیاری جویچه­ای است. این پژوهش به‌صورت کرت­های یک‌بار خردشده، در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی کبوترآباد اصفهان انجام شد. عامل اصلی شامل سه سطح رژیم آبیاری (100%) I1، (%80) I2، (%60) I3 و عامل فرعی شامل سه روش آبیاری جویچه‌ای مرسوم، یک‌درمیان ثابت و متناوب بود. پارامترهای اندازه‌گیری شده در ریشه شامل طول، سطح، حجم، وزن تر و خشک بود که در پنج مرحله از رشد گیاه شامل نه برگی، 14 برگی، ظهور گل‌آذین، شیری شدن و رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری و نیز نوع روش آبیاری جویچه­ای بر ویژگی­های اندازه­گیری­شده ریشه از نظر آماری معنی­دار بوده است (در سطح پنج درصد). رژیم آبیاری I1 در حضور آبیاری جویچه­ای مرسوم و رژیم I3 در روش آبیاری یک‌درمیان ثابت به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین تأثیر را بر صفات مختلف رشد ریشه داشتند. در این پژوهش بیشترین تأثیرپذیری صفات مورد نظر در ریشه در عمق 20-0 سانتیمتری مشاهده شد. روند رشد ریشه از نظر مقادیر ویژگی­های اندازه­گیری­شده، از مرحله 9 برگی تا قبل از پرشدن، صعودی و پس از آن ثابت و در انتهای دوره، کاهشی بوده است. به‌طور کلی با اعمال شرایط کم آبیاری تا 20 درصد در آبیاری جویچه­ای مرسوم و یا کاربرد آبیاری متناوب، می­توان ضمن صرفه­جویی در مصرف آب به یک سامانه توسعه ریشه مناسب برای جذب آب و مواد غذایی موردنیاز گیاه دست یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Furrow Irrigation Management onTerend of Corn Root Growth

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohsen dehqani 1
  • Mohammad reza nouri 2
  • Ali Shahnazari 3
  • mahdi gheysari 4
1 PhD student, Department of Irrigation Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation Engineering, College of Agriculture, Sari Agriculture Science and Natural Resource University ,Sari, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Irrigation management is one of the important factors influencing the development and distribution of plant roots, which is considered by many researchers. The purpose of this study was to study the growth and distribution of corn root in various irrigation management systems. This research was carried out as a split plot in a randomized complete block design at Kabootarabad Research Station in Isfahan. The main factor was consisted of three levels of irrigation regime I1 (100%), I2 (80%), I3 (60%) and the sub-factor was included three irrigation methods, conventional, alternative and fixed furrow irrigation. The measured parameters of root were length, surface, volume, fresh and dry weight, which were carried out in 5 stages of plant growth including 9-leaf, 14-leaf, inflorescence emergence, milking and physiological examination. The results showed that the effect of irrigation regimes and the type of irrigation method on root traits was statistically significant at 5% level. The highest amount of root traits was corresponded to I1 regime and conventional furrow irrigation, and the lowest one was corresponded to I3 regime and fixed furrow irrigation. The highest amount of root traits was obtained in the soil layer of 0-20 cm for all regimes and irrigation methods. From the 9-leaf to the milky stage, the root traits had a bullish trend, then after constant and at the end of growing season declined. Generally, a suitable root system for absorption of water and nutrients required by the plant can be achieved by application of a deficit irrigation rate up to 20% in conventional furrow irrigation or alternative furrow irrigation, which leads to save water consumption.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alternative irrigation
  • Root development
  • Deficit irrigation
  • Irrigation regimes
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