ارزیابی مفهوم انرژی انتگرالی در برآورد آب قابل دسترس خاک در اراضی شالیزاری استان گیلان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

2 موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

چگونگی دسترسی آب خاک برای گیاهان در ارزیابی روابط آب، خاک و گیاه به­منظور استفاده در برنامه­ریزی و مدیریت آبیاری مهم است. انرژی انتگرالی چگونگی سهولت دسترسی آب خاک برای گیاه در محدوده رطوبت قابل استفاده خاک را نشان می­دهد. این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی مفهوم انرژی انتگرالی در 40 نمونه خاک اراضی شالیزاری استان گیلان و بررسی روابط این شاخص با ویژگی­های مختلف خاک انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تمامی نمونه خاک­های مورد مطالعه دارای بافت متوسط تا سنگین بودند. میانگین شاخص S دکستر در دو بافت خاک رس و لوم رسی کمتر از 035/0 به دست آمد (27 درصد نمونه­های خاک). متوسط انرژی انتگرالی در کل نمونه­های خاک مورد مطالعه با در نظرگرفتن حدبالای آب قابل دسترس خاک در رطوبت اشباع، رطوبت ظرفیت مزرعه­ای در مکش 100 و 330 سانتی­متر به ترتیب برابر با 65/226، 21/270 و J kg-1 91/336 به دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که کلاس­های بافت خاک دارای بیشترین مقدار انرژی انتگرالی، کمترین مقادیر شاخص S دکستر را نیز به خود اختصاص داده­اند. همچنین نتایج مؤید همبستگی بالاتر انرژی انتگرالی محاسبه شده با فرض رطوبت ظرفیت مزرعه­ای در مکش 330 سانتی­متر با سایر ویژگی­های خاک بود. علاوه براین با استفاده از رطوبت اشباع خاک و نسبت کربن آلی به رس خاک می­توان مقدار انرژی انتگرالی خاک در اراضی شالیزاری را به­ترتیب در کلاس بافت خاک لوم رسی سیلتی (70/0 R2=) و لوم رسی (95/0 R2=) با دقت مناسبی برآورد نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the Integral Energy Concept for Estimation of Available Soil Water in Paddy Soils of Guilan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Meskini-Vishkaee 1
  • Naser Davatgar 2
1 Soil and Water Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran
2 Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

To evaluate water, soil and plant relationships, soil water availability for plants is very important for irrigation management and scheduling. Integral energy shows the readily available water for plant in the range of soil available water. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concept of integral energy in 40 samples of paddy soils in Guilan province and to study the relationship between this index and various soil properties. The results showed that all soil samples had moderate to heavy texture. The mean Dexter S index in two soil textures including clay and clay loam was less than 0.35 (27% of the soil samples). The mean values of integral energy in the all studied soil samples, assuming the upper limit of soil water available at saturation, field capacity (at soil suctions of 100 and 330 cm) were 226.65, 270.21 and 336.91 J kg-1, respectively. The results showed that the soil texture classes with the highest value of integral energy were associated with the lowest values of S index. Moreover, the results confirm the better correlation between the calculated integral energy, assuming the upper limit at field capacity in soil suction of 330 cm, with the other soil properties. In addition, the integral energy values can be accurately estimated using soil saturation moisture and organic carbon to clay content ratio for silty clay loam (R2= 0.70) and clay loam (R2=0.95) textured soils, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil available water
  • Dexter S index
  • Soil physical quality
Anonymous. (2011). Cereal in statistics. Statistics and information department of Agriculture Ministry of Iran. (In Farsi).
Armindo, R. A. and Wendroth, O. (2016). Physical soil structure evaluation based on hydraulic energy functions. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 80: 1167 -1180.
Asgarzadeh, H., Mosaddeghi, M. R., Mahboubi, A. A., Nosrati, A. and Dexter, A. R. (2011). Integral energy of conventional available water, least limiting water range and integral water capacity for better characterization of water availability and soil physical quality. Geoderma, 166: 34-42.
Barati, S., Vahabi, M. R., Mosaddeghi, M. R. and Bassiri, M. (2016). Plant –available water and integral energy for Medicago sativa and Bromus tomentellus in texturally different soils. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 62(1): 69-91.
Dane, J. H. and Hopmans, J. W. (2002) Pressure cell. In J. H. Dane and G. C. Topp, (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4, Physical Methods: SSSA Book Series. (pp. 684–688). Soil Science Society of America, Inc: Madison, WI.
Davatgar, N., Neishabouri, M. R., Sepaskhah, A. R., and Soltani, A. (2009) Physiological and morphological responses of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to varying water stress management strategies. International Journal of Plant Production, 3(4): 19-32.
Dexter, A. R. (2004a). Soil physical quality. Part I: Theory, effects of soil texture, density and organic matter, and effects on root growth. Geoderma, 120: 201–214.
Dexter, A. R. (2004b). Soil physical quality. Part III: Unsaturated hydraulic Conductivity and general conclusions about S-theory. Geoderma, 120: 227–239.
Gee, G. W. and Or, D. (2002). Particle-size analysis. In J. H. Dane and G. C. Topp (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4. Physical Methods: SSSA Book Series. (pp. 255- 293). Madison.
Grossman, R. B. and Reinsch, T. G. (2002). Bulk density and linear extensibility. In J. H. Dane and G. C. Clake (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis. Part 4. Physical Methods: SSSA Book Series (no. 5). (pp. 201-228). Madison, Wisconsin: USA.
Meskini-Vishkaee, F. M., Mohammadi, M. H., Neyshabouri, M. R. (2018). Revisiting the wet and dry ends of soil integral water capacity using soil and plant properties. Soil Research. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR17025
Minasny, B. and McBratney, A. B. (2003). Integral energy as a measure of soil-water availability. Plant Soil, 249: 253–262.
Rezaee, L., Moosavi, A. A., Davatgar, N. and Shabanpor Shahrestani, M. (2017). Comparison of different soil water retention curve models for evaluation of soil quality index (S) in paddy soils. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 31(4): 509-524. (In Farsi)
Sadradini, A. A. and Salahshour Dalivand, F. (2012). The effect of salinity stress and irrigation regimes on yield and water productivity in cracked paddy rice field. Cereal Research, 2(3): 193-208. (In Farsi)
Sahrawat, K. L. (2004). Fertility and organic matter in submerged rice soils. Current science, 88(5): 735-739.
Sillers, W. S., Fredlund, D. G. and Zakerzadeh, N. (2001). Mathematical attributes of some soil-water characteristic curve models. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 19: 243-283.
Timlin, D. J., Pachepsky, Y., Snyder, V. A. and Bryant, R. B. (2001). Water budget approach to quantify corn grain yields under variable rooting depths. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 65: 1219–1226.
Tormena, C. A., da Silva, A. P., Imhoff, S. D. C. and Dexter, A. R. (2008).Quantification of the soil physical quality of a tropical oxisol using the S index. Scientia Agricola (Piracicaba, Brazil), 65(1): 56-60.
Toung, T. P., M. S. C. Wopereis, J. A. Marques, and Kropff, M. J. (1994). Mechanisms and control of percolation losses in puddle rice fields. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 58: 1794-1803.
van Genuchten, M. T. (1980). A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 44: 892-897.
Walkley, A. and Black, T. A. (1934). An examination of Deglijareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the choromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37: 29-38.
Zangiabadi, M., Gorji, M., Shorafa, M., Keshavarz, P. and Saadat, S. (2017). The relationship between integral energy (EI) of different soil moisture ranges and S-index in medium to coarse-textured soils. Journal of Water and Soil, 31(2): 386-398. (In Farsi)