تاثیر سطوح مختلف آبیاری با پساب تصفیه شده شهری بر عملکرد و کارآیی مصرف آب ذرت در منطقه پاکدشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آب-پردیس ابوریحان - دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشگاه تهران-پردیس ابوریحان-گروه مهندسی آب

3 استادیار گروه زراعت پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران

4 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی- پردیس ابوریحان

چکیده

تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر آبیاری با پساب تصفیه‌شده شهری بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و کارآیی مصرف آب ذرت دانه­ای رقم سینگل کراس 704، در سال زراعی 97-1396 و در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران واقع در شهرستان پاکدشت انجام گرفت. آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با فاکتور اصلی (نوع آب) و فاکتور فرعی (سطوح کم­آبیاری) در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای نوع آبیاری شامل آب چاه ([1]FW) و پساب (W[2]) بودند که در سه سطح 100 (D1)، 75 (D2) و 55 (D3) درصد نیاز آبی گیاه ذرت اعمال گردیدند. نتایج نشان داد که نوع آب کاربردی باعث ایجاد تفاوت معنی‌داری در مقدار عملکرد ماده خشک گردید و بیشترین عملکرد ماده خشک در تیمار پساب با مقدار 18/20904 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کم‌ترین مقدار در تیمار آب چاه با مقدار 15/17231 کیلوگرم در هکتار به دست آمد. از لحاظ مقادیر مختلف آب، تیمار D1 (100%) با 52/3 کیلوگرم ماده خشک بر متر مکعب بیشترین کارآیی مصرف آب و تیمار D2 (75%) و D3 (55%) به ترتیب با 46/3 و 44/3 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب کمترین کارآیی مصرف آب را داشتند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که آبیاری با پساب تصفیه‌شده شهری، تأثیر معنی‌داری بر صفات عملکرد ماده خشک، طول بلال و همچنین کارآیی مصرف آب براساس عملکرد ماده خشک داشت. بنابراین می­توان پساب تصفیه‌شده در سطح 75 درصد نیاز آبی در منطقه پاکدشت را به عنوان یک راهکار مدیریتی برای آبیاری پیشنهاد نمود.



[1]. Fresh Water


[2]. Wastewater
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Different Irrigation Levels with Urban Treated Wastewater on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Corn in Pakdasht Region

نویسندگان [English]

  • azra karami 1
  • Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi Garmdareh 2
  • majid Ghorbani Javid 3
  • maryam varavipour 4
1 Irrigation and drainage student, Aburaihan campus, University of Tehran
2 Irrigation and Drainage Dep., Aburaihan Campus - University Of tehran
3 Assistant professor of Agronomy department, Aboureihan College, University of Tehran
4 Associated professor of Irrigation and drainage Dep., Aburaihan campus, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of irrigation with urban treated wastewater on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of maize (Single cultivar 704) at the research field of Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran in Pakdasht during the year of 2017. The experiment was carried out as split plots and based on the randomized completely block design with main factor (type of irrigation water) and sub factor (three levels of water requirement) with three replications. Type of Irrigation treatments included well water and treated wastewater that were used in three levels of water requirement including 100 (D1), 75 (D2) and 55 (D3) percent of maize water requirement. The results showed that the type of applied water caused a significant difference in dry matter, so that the highest yield (2090.18 kg/ha) was obtained in wastewater treatment and the lowest yield (17231/15 kg/ha) was obtained in well water treatment. In terms of different amounts of water, the highest water use efficiency based on dry matter (3.52 kg/m3) was obtained by D1 treatment (100%) and the lowest ones (3.46 and 3.44 kg/m3) were obtained by D2 (75%) and D3 (55%) treatments, respectively. Analysis of variance showed that irrigation with urban treated wastewater had a significant effect on dry matter yield, ear length and water use efficiency based on dry matter. Therefore, the refined wastewater at level of 75% water requirement can be suggested as a suitable irrigation practice for corn in Pakdasht area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Refined wastewater
  • Low irrigation levels
  • maize
  • Water use efficiency
Abedi, M. C., & Najafi. P. (2001). Use of refined wastewater in agriculture. Iranian national committee on Irrigation and Drainage publication, 270 pages
Alizadeh, A., Bazari, M. E., Velayati, S., Hasheminia, M. & Yaghmai, A. (2001). Using reclaimed municipal wastewater for irrigation of corn. In: Proceedings of ICID International Workshop on Wastewater Reuse Management, Seoul.
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., & Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. Fao, Rome300(9), D05109.‏
Dehghanisanij, H., Zounemat-Kermani, M., & Asadi, R. (2014). Application of Municipal Wastewater in Irrigation of Corn under Furrow and Drip Irrigation Systems. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 8(3),423-429.
Deng, X. P., Shan, L., Zhang, H., & Turner, N. C. (2006). Improving agricultural water use efficiency in arid and semiarid areas of China. Agricultural water management, 80(1-3), 23-40.
Djaman, K. (2011). Crop evapotranspiration, crop coefficients, plant growth and yield parameters, and nutrient uptake dynamics of maize (Zea mays L.) under full and limited irrigation. Doctoral dissertation . The University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Do Monte, H. M. (1992). Effects on crops of irrigation with facultative pond effluent. Water Science and Technology, 26(7-8), 1603-1613.
Ehsani, M., & Khaledi, H. (2003). Agricultural water productivity. . Iranian national committee on Irrigation and Drainage publication. Tehran
El-Wahed, M. A., & Ali, E. A. (2013). Effect of irrigation systems, amounts of irrigation water and mulching on corn yield, water use efficiency and net profit. Agricultural water management, 120, 64-71.
Hassanli, A. M., Ebrahimizadeh, M. A., & Beecham, S. (2009). The effects of irrigation methods with effluent and irrigation scheduling on water use efficiency and corn yields in an arid region. Agricultural Water Management, 96(1), 93-99.
Hirich, A., Allah, R. C., Jacobsen, S. E., El Youssfi, L., & El Homaria, H. (2012). Using deficit irrigation with treated wastewater in the production of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in Morocco. Revista Científica UDO Agrícola, 12(3), 570-583.
Karizan, M. M. (2011). Use of irrigation techniques (PRD and DI) in irrigation with Shahrekord municipal wastewater in corn plant under drip irrigation (T-tape). MsC Thesis, Shahrekord University.
Kiziloglu, F. M, Turan, M, Sahin, U, Kuslu, Y., & Dursun, A. (2008). Effects of untreated and treated wastewater irrigation on some chemical properties of cauliflower (Brassica olerecea L. var. botrytis) and red cabbage (Brassica olerecea L. var. rubra) grown on calcareous soil in Turkey. Agricultural Water Management, 95(6), 716-724
Lack, S., Naderi, A., Saidat. S. A., Ayenehband, A., Nour–Mohammadi, G. & Moosavi, S. (2008). The Effects of different levels of irrigation, nitrogen and plant population on yield, yield components and dry matter remobilization of corn at climatical conditions of khuzestan. JWSS.; 11(42) :1-14.
Maleki, A., Bidabadi, A. A., Khoramabad, I., & Khorramabad, I. (2016). The effect of different levels of municipal effluent irrigation on maize water use efficiency and yield. Journal of Irrigation Science and Engineering, 39(2), 139-148.‏
Najafinejad, H., & H. Maddahian. (2003). Effects of irrigation regimes and planting density on grain yield and some agronomic traits of corn. Journal of seed and plant ,19(2),13-16.‏
Oktem, A., Simsek, M., & Oktem, A. G. . (2003). Deficit irrigation effects on sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) with drip irrigation system in a semi-arid region: I. Water-yield relationship. Agricultural Water Management, 61(1), 63-74
Pescod, M. B. (1992). Wastewater treatment and use in agricultur. FAO irrigation and drainage paper 47.  
Qadir, M., Sharma, B. R., Bruggeman, A., Choukr-Allah, R., & Karajeh, F. (2007). Non-conventional water resources and opportunities for water augmentation to achieve food security in water scarce countries. Agricultural water management, 87(1), 2-22.
Ramírez, A. A., Martín-Benito, J. M. T., de Juan Valero, J. A., Álvarez, J. F. O., & Maturano, M. (2005). Growth and nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated maize in a semiarid region as affected by nitrogen fertilization. Spanish journal of agricultural research, (1), 134-144.
Rezaei E, A., Irandost, M., & Kambakhsh, M. (2016). Effect of deficit irrigation on water use efficiency, yield and it’s components of cotton(varamin cultivar).Journal of Water and Irrigation Management, 6(2),205-216.
Singh, R. P., & Agrawal, M. (2010) . Variations in heavy metal accumulation, growth and yield of rice plants grown at different sewage sludge amendment rates. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 73(4), 632-641
Tennakoon, S. B., & Milroy, S. P. (2003). Crop water use and water use efficiency on irrigated cotton farms in Australia. Agricultural Water Management, 61(3), 179-194
Valinejad, M., Mostsfszadeh-Fard, B., & Mirmohammadi, M. S. (2002). The effect of shahinshahr treated wastewater on agronomic and chemical characteristic of corn under sprinkler and surface irrigation. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources ,9(1), 103-115.‏
Yazar, A., Howell, T. A., Dusek, D. A., & Copeland, K. S. (1999). Evaluation of crop water stress index for LEPA irrigated corn. Irrigation Science, 18(4), 171-180. ‏
Zare, R., Sohrabi, T., & Moteshare Zadeh, B. (2018). Effect of deficit irrigation with treated wastewater on corn yield. Journal of Soil and Water Research,49(3), 505-514.
Zwart, Sander J., & Bastiaanssen, W. G. (2004). Review of measured crop water productivity values for irrigated wheat, rice, cotton and maize. Agricultural Water Management, 69(2), 115-133.