ارزیابی شاخصه‌های خشکسالی کشاورزی در حوزه آبریز فلات مرکزی ایران با استفاده از ماهواره گرانش‌سنجی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده عمران، آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، دانشکده عمران، آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه نقشه‌برداری، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

تعیین زمان شروع، شدت و مدت خشکسالی اطلاعات حیاتی برای مدیریت منابع آب در اختیار تصمیم­سازان این حوزه قرار می­دهد. محاسبه این مؤلفه‌ها نیازمند داده­های بهم­پیوسته­ای از محتوی رطوبت خاک و تراز آب زیرزمینی می­باشد که نصب و بهره­برداری از شبکه­ منظم ثبت این داده­ها در حوضه­های آبریز گسترده بسیار هزینه­بر است. در حوزه فلات مرکزی که متوسط بارش بسیار کمی دارد، داده­های مشاهداتی لازم با توزیع مکانی مناسب در دسترس نیست. در این مقاله فراوانی، مدت و شدت خشکسالی­های کشاورزی این حوزه به‌وسیله شاخص کمبود ذخیره کلی آب (TSDI) که از داده­های گرانشی ماهواره (GRACE) بدست می­آید، تعیین می­گردد. سپس با توجه به توزیع ناهمگن ایستگاه­های هواشناسی در ناحیه موردمطالعه، 142 ایستگاه انتخاب و با استفاده از مدل درونیابی MicroMet و روش زمین‌آماری کریجینگ شبکه منظمی از داده­های هواشناسی در سطح حوزه آبریز برازش داده شد. در نهایت شاخص­ خشکسالی هواشناسی SPEI با مقیاس­های زمانی 3، 6 و 12 ماهه به‌منظور مقایسه با نتایج حاصل از TSDI محاسبه گردید. براساس این محاسبات ناحیه موردمطالعه چندین خشکسالی کشاورزی با شدت و گستردگی متفاوت را تجربه کرده است که توزیع زمانی-مکانی و شدت خشکسالی حاصل از هر دو شاخص با یکدیگر مطابقت خوبی را نشان می­دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Agricultural Drought Characteristics in Iran's Central Plateau Catchment using GRACE Satellite

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Nemati 1
  • Seyed Hossein Ghoreishi Najafabadi 2
  • Gholamreza Joodaki 3
  • Seyed Saeed Mousavi Nadoushni 2
1 Ph.D Candidate, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University (SBU), Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University (SBU), Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Surveying Department, University of Zanjan (ZNU), Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Determining the onset, severity and duration of drought provides vital information for managing water resources to decision makers. The computation of these parameters requires integrated data on soil moisture content and groundwater level. The installation and utilization of a regular network system for recording these data in massive water basins is very costly. In the central plateau catchment of Iran where the average rainfall is very small, the required observational data with suitable spatial distribution are not available. In this paper, the frequency, duration and severity of agricultural droughts in this catchment are determined by the Total Storage Deficit Index (TSDI) obtained from the GRACE satellite based-data. Then, due to the heterogeneous distribution of meteorological stations in the studied area, 142 stations were selected and the MicroMet interpolation model and Kriging geostatistical method were used to fit a homogenous network on the meteorological data at the catchment area. Finally, the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was calculated with timescales of 3, 6 and 12 months to be compared with the results of TSDI. Based on these calculations, the studied area has experienced several agricultural droughts with different severity and extent that the spatio-temporal distribution and drought severity obtained from both indices are in good agreement with each other.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Total Storage Deficiency Index (TSDI)
  • Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)
  • Spatiaotemporal Drought Distribution
  • Severity and Duration of Drought
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