تخمین اثرات استفاده از پوشش پلی اتیلنی متخلخل سیاه در مخازن سدها بر میزان تبخیر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده محیط زیست، پردیس دانشکده های فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی محیط زیست،دانشکده محیط زیست، پردیس دانشکده های فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست، پردیس دانشکده های فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

یکی از مؤثرترین روش­های کاهش میزان تبخیر، استفاده از پوشش­هایی معلق، جهت ایجاد سایه بر روی پهنه­های آبی است. پلی‌اتیلن سیاه، یکی از موادی است که می­تواند جهت پوشش به‌صورت صفحات پارچه مانند متخلخل استفاده گردد. در این تحقیق برای بررسی میزان اثرات استفاده از این نوع پوشش­ها در مخازن سد­ها بر مقدار تبخیر، از روشی بر پایه بررسی بیلان انرژی مخزن استفاده شده است. مخزن سد استقلال میناب برای بررسی موردی انتخاب و مدل‌سازی انرژی مخزن در حالات مختلف انجام شد. بررسی­های صورت گرفته نشان می‌دهد که استفاده از پوشش پلی‌اتیلنی متخلخل سیاه (BPE)، می‌تواند به‌طور متوسط کاهش تبخیری برابر %77 در حالت استفاده از پوشش تک لایه و %83 در حالت پوشش دولایه داشته باشد. این میزان کاهش تبخیر با توجه به سناریو­های پوشش %30، %60 و %90 مخزن سد استقلال میناب، می­تواند به ترتیب تا حدود 11، 22 و 33 میلیون مترمکعب کاهش میزان تبخیر را در پی داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimating the effects of black porous polyethylene shade covers on evaporation rate in dam reservoirs

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sohrab Salehi 1
  • mohammad Hossein Niksokhan 2
  • Mojtaba Ardestani 3
1 MSc Student, Environmental Engineering Department, School of Environment, Collage of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Environmental Engineering Department, School of Environment, Collage of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor, Environmental Engineering Department, School of Environment, Collage of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the most effective techniques to reduce evaporation rate is to use suspended shade covers to create shadow on the water bodies. Black polyethylene is a material that can be used for covering as porous fabric like sheets. In this study, energy balance analysis was used to evaluate the effects of using this type of covers in dam reservoirs on evaporation rate. Minab dam was selected as case study and energy modeling was conducted with respect to different scenarios. Results show that the use of black porous polyethylene can reduce evaporation by an average of 77% and 83% in the case of using single-layer and double-layer, respectively. This amount of evaporation reduction could be lead to reduce 11, 22 and 33 million cubic meters for 30%, 60% and 90% covering scenarios, respectively, for Minab dam reservoir.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Energy balance
  • Solar radiation
  • Evaporation Reduction
  • Quantitative Managemen
Abtew, W. and Melesse, A. (2013). Evaporation and Evapotranspiration: Measurements and Estimations. New York: Springer.
Alizadeh, A. (2008). Principals of Applied Hydrology. (7th edition), Mashhad: Emam Reza University. (In Farsi)
Alvarez, V. M., Baille, A., Martínez, J. M. and Real, M. G. (2006). Effect of black polyethylene shade covers on the evaporation rate of agricultural reservoirs. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(4), 280-288.
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D. and Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Calder, I. R. and Neal, C. (1984). Evaporation from saline lakes: a combination equation approach. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 29(1), 89-97.
De Bruin, H. A. R. (1982). Temperature and energy balance of a water reservoir determined from standard weather data of a land station. Journal of Hydrology, 59(3-4), 261-274.
FAO (2016). AQUASTAT Main Database, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Retrieved July 1, 2017, from http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm
Hassani, A., Tajrishy, M. and Abrishami, A. (2011). Energy budget and thermal structure of the reservoirs in the arid regions, Case study: Saveh Dam Reservoir. Watershed Engineering and Management, 4(3), 215-223. (In Farsi)
Hunter, K., Finn, N. and Barnes, S. (2007). The benefits of shade-cloth covers for potable water storages. In: Proceeding of 70th Annual Water Industry Engineers and Operators Conference, 4-6 Sep., Bendigo Exhibition Centre, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 86-92.
Idso, S. B. and Jackson, R. D. (1969). Thermal radiation from the atmosphere. Journal of geophysical Research, 74(23), 5397-5403.
Krause, P., Boyle, D. P. and Bäse, F. (2005). Comparison of different efficiency criteria for hydrological model assessment. Advances in geosciences5, 89-97.
Mazraeno, H., Talebi, M. and Hassanzadeh, M. (2014). Evaluation of evaporation reduction from agricultural water conservation pools using polystyrene coverage (Case Study: Aqda Area). In: Proceedings of The First National Conference On the Use of Modern Science and Technology in Agriculture and Natural Resources, 6 Mar., Yazd, Iran (In Farsi)
McJannet, D. L., Webster, I. T., Stenson, M. P. and Sherman, B. S. (2008). Estimating open water evaporation for the Murray Darling basin. Report for CSIRO, Australia.
Monteith, J. L. (1965). Evaporation and environment. Symp Soc Exp Biol, 19, 205-223.
Moraisi, D. N., Arnold, J. G., Van Liew, M. W., Bingner, R. L., Harmel, R. D. and Veith, T. L. (2007). Model evaluation guidelines for systematic quantification of accuracy in watershed simulations. Transactions of the ASABE50(3), 885-900.
Nash, J. E. and Sutcliffe, J. V. (1970). River flow forecasting through conceptual models part I—A discussion of principles. Journal of hydrology10(3), 282-290.
Oke, T. R. (1987). Boundary Layer Climates. London: Methuen and Co.
Piri, M., Mousavi, H., Dehghani, A.A., Meftah halaghi, M. and Ghazali, A. A. (2009). Determining of effect of using heavy alcohols on reduction of evaporation in water storage surface. Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences, 16, 284-293. (In Farsi)
Piri, M., Hesam, M., Dehghani, A.A. and Meftah halaghi, M. (2011). Experimental study on the effect of physical and chemical approach in reducing the evaporation from water surface. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 17(4), 141-154. (In Farsi)
Sabatsani, H. and Mohammadi, A. (2012). Study on Use of fat alcohols in water evaporation reduction (Case Study: Urmia Lake). In: Proceedings of 11th Nationl Congress on Irrigation and Evaporation Reduction, 7-9 Feb, Kerman, Iran (In Farsi)
Santhi, C., Arnold, J. G., Williams, J. R., Dugas, W. A., Srinivasan, R. and Hauck, L. M. (2001). Validation of the swat model on a large rwer basin with point and nonpoint sources. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association37(5), 1169-1188.
Simon, K., Shanbhag, R. and Slocum, A. H. (2015). Reducing evaporative water losses from irrigation ponds through the reuse of polyethylene terephthalate bottles. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 142(2).
Sweers, H. E. (1976). A nomogram to estimate the heat-exchange coefficient at the air-water interface as a function of wind speed and temperature; a critical survey of some literature. Journal of Hydrology, 30(4), 375-401.
Van Liew, M. W., Arnold, J. G. and Garbrecht, J. D. (2003). Hydrologic simulation on agricultural watersheds: Choosing between two models. Transactions of the ASAE46(6), 1539.