بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف یک کوپلیمر اکریلیکی بر رشد گیاه ذرت در خاک‌های آلوده به آرسنیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه خاکشناسی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

کاهش غلظت اجزاء متحرک شبه‌فلز سمی آرسنیک بسیار حائز اهمیت است چرا که این اجزاء ارتباط مستقیمی با زیست‌فراهمی آن دارند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر کوپلیمر مالئیک انیدرید-استایرن- اکریلیک اسید بر کاهش تحرک و ­فراهمی آرسنیک و رشد ذرت در خاک­های­ آلوده شده به آرسنیک انجام شد. بدین منظور یک آزمایش فاکتوریل با دو فاکتور سطوح کوپلیمر اکریلیکی (صفر، 05/0، 1/0 و 2/0 درصد) و سطوح مختلف آرسنیک (صفر، 6، 12، 24، 48 و 96 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و با سه تکرار انجام شد. از گیاه ذرت به عنوان شاخص زیستی استفاده شد و قبل از کشت آن، غلظت آرسنیک قابل جذب در خاک­ها اندازه­گیری شد. پس از برداشت، وزن خشک، غلظت عناصر آرسنیک و فسفر در ریشه و بخش هوایی ذرت اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که آلودگی خاک به آرسنیک سبب افزایش غلظت­های آرسنیک قابل جذب، آرسنیک ریشه و بخش هوایی، فسفر ریشه و کاهش غلظت فسفر بخش هوایی شد. کوپلیمر اکریلیکی در کلیه سطوح آرسنیک خاک، غلظت­های آرسنیک قابل جذب و آرسنیک ریشه و بخش هوایی ذرت را به‌طور معنی­دار کاهش داد. این کوپلیمر با کاهش تجمع آرسنیک و فسفر در ریشه گیاهان کشت شده در خاک­های آلوده شده، سبب افزایش وزن خشک آن شد و با افزایش غلظت فسفر و کاهش تجمع آرسنیک در بخش هوایی سبب افزایش وزن خشک آن شد. توصیه می­شود این کوپلیمر اکریلیکی برای کاهش تحرک آرسنیک در خاک­های آلوده مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of different levels of an acrylic copolymer on growth of corn plant in arsenic contaminated soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • Tahereh Mansouri 1
  • Ahmad Golchin 2
1 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan
2 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan
چکیده [English]

Reduction the concentrations of arsenic labile fractions is very important because these fractions are directly related to its bioavailability. This study was carried out to assess the effects of maleic anhydride- styrene- acrylic acid copolymer on the motility and availability of arsenic and corn growth in contaminated soils. For this purpose a factorial experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design and three replications. The examined factors were the rates of application of acrylic acid copolymer (0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%) and the levels of soil arsenic (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 mg/kg). Corn plant was used as a biological indicator for arsenic phytoavailability and before sowing, the concentrations of soil available arsenic were measured for all soil samples. After harvesting, the dry weights of aerial parts and roots and concentrations of arsenic and phosphorus of these parts were measured. The results showed that the concentrations of soil available arsenic and root and aerial parts arsenic increased as the concentration of soil total arsenic increased. Contamination of soil by arsenic increased the concentrations of phosphorus in root and decreased it in aerial parts. At all levels of soil arsenic, the application of acrylic copolymer significantly decreased the concentrations of arsenic in soil and in root and aerial parts of corn. The application of acrylic copolymer increased the dry weight of root by decreasing the accumulation of arsenic and phosphorus in plant root. It also increased the dry weights of aerial parts as a result of increased concentrations of phosphorus and reduced accumulation of arsenic. It is recommended that this acrylic copolymer to be used in reducing the mobility of arsenic in contaminated soils.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • immobilization
  • phosphorus
  • Dry weights
Abedin, M. J., Cotter-Howells, J. and Meharg, A. A. (2002). Arsenic uptake and accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) irrigated with contaminated water. Plant and Soil, 240, 311–319.
Albu, A. M., Mocioi, M., Doina Mateescu, C. and Iosif, A. (2010). Maleic anhydride copolymers with ability to bind metal ions. 1. polydentate amine derivatives for Cr (III) ions’ removal. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 121, 1867–1874.
Babaakbari, M., Farahbakhsh, M., Savaghebi, Gh. R. and Najafi, N. (2013). Investigation of arsenic concentration in some of the calcareous soils of ghorveh and arsenic uptake by maize, wheat and rapeseed in a natural contaminated soil. Water and soil science, 23(4), 1-17 (In Farsi).
Bremner, J. M. and Mulvaney, C. S., (1996). Nitrogen – Total. In: Page, A. L., Miller, R. H. and Keeney, D. R. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. SSSA, Inc. ASA, Inc. Madison, WI, pp. 1085-1122. 
Cornforth, I. S. (1968). The effect of size of soil aggregates on nutrient supply. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 70, 83-85.
De Varennes, A. and Queda, C. (2005). Application of an insoluble Polyacrylate polymer to copper-contaminated soil enhances plant growth and soil quality. Soil Use and Management, 21, 410-414.
De Varennes, A. and Torres, M. O. (1999). Remediation of a long- term copper contaminated soil using a polyacrylate polymer. Soil Use and Management, 15, 230-232.
De Varennes, A., Goss, M. J. and Mourato, M. (2006). Remediation of a sandy soil contaminated with cadmium, nickel, and zinc using an insoluble polyacrylate polymer. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 37, 1639–1649.
De Varennes, A., Queda, C. and Ramos, A. R. (2009). Polyacrylate polymers as immobilizing agents to aid phytostablization of two mine soils. Soil Use and Management, 25, 133-140.
Gao, Y. and Mucci, A. (2001). Acid base reactions, phosphate and arsenate complexation, and their competitive adsorption at the surface of goethite in 0.7 M NaCl solution. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65, 2361–2378.
Gee, G. W. and Bauder, J. W. (1986). Physical and Mineralogical Methods. In: Klute, A. (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis, Part 1. ASA, SSSA, Madison,WI , USA, pp. 383-411.
Guiwei, Q., De Varennes, A. and Cunha-Queda, C. (2008). Remediation of a mine soil with insoluble polyacrylate polymers enhances soil quality and plant growth. Soil Use and Management, 24, 350-365.
Gulz, P. A., Gupta, S. K. and Schulin, R. (2005). Arsenic accumulation of common plants from contaminated soils. Plant and Soil, 272, 337–347.
Helalia, A. M. and Letey, J. (1989). Effects of Different Polymers on Seedling Emergence, Aggregate Stability and Crust Hardness, Soil Science, 148, 199–203.
Helmke, P. A. and Spark, D. L. (1996). Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, and Cesium. In: Sparks, D. L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3. SSSA, Inc. ASA, Inc. Madison, WI, pp. 551-574.
Hingston, F. J., Posner A. M. and Quirk, J. P. (1971). Competitive adsorp­tion of negatively charged ligands on oxide surfaces. Discussions of the Faraday Society, 52, 334–342.
Hosseinpur feyzi, M., Mosaferi, M., Dastgiri, S., Zolali, Sh., Poladi, N. and Azarfam, P. (2007). The Prevalence of Health Problems in the Qopuz Village of East Azerbaijan and Its Relation with Arsenic Levels in Drinking Water. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology, 3, 21-27.
Hudson Edwards, K. A., Houghton, S. L. and Osborn, A. (2004). Extraction and analysis of arsenic in soils and sediments, Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 23, 745-752.
Jahan, I., Hoque, S., Ullah, S. M. and Kibria, M. G. (2003). Effects of arsenic on some growth parameters of rice plant. Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences, 12. 71-77.
Kumpiene, J., Lagerkvist, A. and Maurice, C. (2008). Stabilization of As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil using amendments–a review. Waste management, 28, 215-225.
Lentz, R. D., Shainberg, I., Sojka, R. E. and Carter, D. L. (1992). Preventing irrigation furrow erosion with small application of polymers. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 56, 1926-1932.
Lindsay, W. L. and Norvell, W. A. (1978). Development of a DTPA Soil Test for Zinc, Iron, Manganese and Copper. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 42, 421-428.
Liu, Q. J., Zheng, C. M., Hu, C. X., Tan, Q. L., Sun, X. C. and Su, J. J. (2012). Effects of high concentrations of soil arsenic on the growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) and rape (Brassica napus), Plant Soil and Environment, 58 (1), 22–27.
Meharg, A. A. and Macnair, M. R. (1994). Relationship between plant phosphorusstatus and the kinetics of arsenate influx in clones of Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. that differ in their tolerance of arsenate. Plant and Soil, 162, 99-106.
Miretzky, P. and Cirelli, A. F. (2010). Remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils by iron amendments: a review. Environmental Science and Technology, 40, 93-115.
Mulligan, C., Yong, R. and Gibbs, B. (2001). Remediation technologies for metal-contaminated soils and groundwater: an evaluation. Engineering geology, 60, 193-207.
Nelson, D. W. and Sommers, L. E., (1982). Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Sparks, D. L., Page,  A. L., Helmke, P. A., Loeppert, R. H., Soltanpour, P. N., Tabatabai, M. A., Johnston, C. T. and Sumner, M. E. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Soil Science Society of America, Inc. Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 539-579.
Nelson, R. E. (1982). Chemical and Microbiological Properties. In Page, A. L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Agronomy Monograph no. 9. SSSA and ASA, Madison, WI, pp.181-196.
Ong, G. H., Yap, C. K., Maziah, M., Suhaimi, H. and Tan, S. G. (2013). An investigation of arsenic contamination in Peninsular Malaysia based on Centella asiatica and soil samples. Environmental Monitoring and Assessemnt, 185, 3243–3254.
Osaki, M., Shinano, T., Matsumoto, M., Zheng, T., Tadano, T. (1997). A root-shoot interaction hypothesis for high productivity of field crops. Soil Sci. Plant Nutrition, 43, 1079–1084.
Sadiq, M. (1986). Solublity relationships of arsenic in calcareous soils and its uptake by corn. Plant and Soil, 91, 241-248.
Sadiq, M. (1997). Arsenic chemistry in soils: an overview of thermodynamic predictions and field observations. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 93, 117–136.
Seyed Dorraji, S., Golchin, A. and Ahmadi, Sh. (2010). The effects of hydrophilic polymer and soil salinity on corn growth in sandy and loamy soils. Clean – Soil, Air, Water, 38 (7), 584-591.
Shaibur, M. R., Kiltajima, N., Huq, S. M. I. and Kawai, S. (2009). Arsenic–Iron Interaction: Effect of Additional Iron on Arsenic-Induced Chlorosis in Barley Grown in Water Culture. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 55, 739–746.
Sneller, F. E. C., Van Heerwaarden, L. M., Kraaijeveld-Smit, F. J., Ten Bookum, W. M., Koevoets, P. L. M., Schat, H. and Verkleij, J. A. C. (1999). Toxicity of arsenate in Silene vulgaris, accumulation and degradation of arsenate-induced phytochelatins. New Phytologist, 144, 223–232.
Sojka, R. E., Bjorneberg, D. L., Entry, J. A., Lentz, R. D. and Orts, W. J. (2007). Polyacrylamide in Agriculture and Environmental Land Management, Advances in Agronomy, 92, 75-162.
Sumner, M. E. and Miller, W. P. (1996). Cation exchange capacity and exchange coefficients. In: Sparks, D. L., Page,  A. L., Helmke, P. A., Loeppert, R. H., Soltanpour, P. N., Tabatabai, M. A., Johnston, C. T., Sumner, M. E. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, USA, pp. 1201-1229.
Tang, T. and Miller, D.M. (1991). Growth and Tissue Composition of Rice Grown in Soil Treated with Inorganic Copper, Nickel, and Arsenic. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 22, 2037-2045.
Wall, F. T. and Gill, S. J. (1954). Interaction of Cupric Ions with Polyacrylic Acid, The Journal of physical. Chemistry, 58, 1128-1130.
Wenzel, W. W., Kirchbaumer, N., Prohaska, T., Stingeder, G., Lombi, E. and Adriano, D. C. (2001). Arsenic fractionation in soils using an improved sequential extraction procedure. Analytica Chimica Acta,436, 309-323.
Wu, G. R.,Hong, H. L. and Yan, C. L. (2015). Arsenic accumulation and translocation in mangrove (Aegiceras corniculatum L.) grown in Arsenic Contaminated Soils. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12 (7), 7244–7253.
Zandsalimi, S., Karimi, N. and Kohandel, A. (2011). Arsenic in soil, Vegetation and Water of a Contaminated Region, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 8 (2), 331-338.