تغییرات زمانی میزان تولید رواناب و رسوب در طول فصل رشد گیاه زراعی نخود دیم (مطالعه موردی: در ایستگاه تحقیقات حفاظت خاک تیکمه‌داش، آذربایجان‌شرقی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد

3 عضو هیئت علمی

4 دانشجوی دکتری

5 عضو هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان ‌آذربایجان شرقی

چکیده

اطلاع از تغییرات زمانی میزان تولید رواناب و رسوب در طول فصل زراعی نه‌تنها در اتخاذ نوع و نحوه انجام کارهای حفاظتی مفید است بلکه در برآورد مدل‎های فرسایش خاک و رواناب کاربرد دارد. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی تغییرات زمانی مقدار تولید رواناب و رسوب در طول فصل رشد گیاه نخود با تراکم‌های مختلف کشت تحت شرایط دیم در ایستگاه تحقیقات حفاظت خاک تیکمه‌داش در کرت­های فرسایشی اجرا شد. بدین منظور تحقیقی در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه سطح تراکم کشت گیاه نخود به‌ترتیب (30، 35 و 40 کیلوگرم بذر در هکتار)، در سه تکرار اجرا و نتایج حاصل در قالب طرح کرت‌های خردشده در زمان، تحلیل آماری شد. بدین ترتیب که بعد از شخم زدن کر‌ت‌ها، بذرها به‌طور یکنواخت و با روش کشت معمول در منطقه در 17 فروردین سال 1392 کشت شد. سپس در طول فصل رشد گیاه نخود بعد از هر بارندگی، رواناب جمع شده در مخزن‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر اصلی تراکم کشت و زمان نمونه‌گیری بر میزان رواناب و رسوب در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود، اما اثرات متقابل آن‌ها بر مقدار رواناب غیر معنی‌دار هست. حداقل میزان رواناب و رسوب در تراکم kg/ha 40، در زمان نمونه‌گیری سوم به ‌ترتیب برابر با l/ha 88/421 و kg/ha 45/2، و حداکثر میزان رواناب و رسوب در زمان نمونه‌گیری اول و در تیمار kg/ha 30 به ترتیب برابر با l/ha 1550 و kg/ha 54/31 مشاهده شد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که میزان رواناب و هدر رفت خاک در تیمار kg/ha 30 به ‌ترتیب 1/1 و 4/1 برابر بیشتر از تیمار kg/ha 35 بوده و 5/1 و 9/1 برابر بیشتر از تیمار kg/ha 40 بود. بنابراین جهت حفاظت خاک، تراکم بذر kg/ha 40 نخود دیم برای شرایط مشابه کشت در منطقه توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Temporal changes of runoff generation and soil loss during the growth season of rainfed chickpea (A case study: in Tikmeh- dash research station, East Azerbaijan)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Ahmadi 1
  • Vahid Jafari 2
  • Nosratollah Najafi 3
  • Habib Palizvanzand 4
  • Mohammad Ebrahim Sadeghzadeh 5
1 University of Tabriz
2 University of Tabriz
3 University of Tabriz
4 University of Tabriz
5 Agricultural Research Center of Eastern Azarbaijan
چکیده [English]

Proper information concerning the temporal changes of soil loss and runoff generation during growth season is not only valuable in soil conservation programing but could also be used in soil erosion and runoff estimation models. This study was conducted to investigate soil loss and runoff generation trend within in different sowing rates during growth season in erosion plots of Tikmeh- dash research station. The study was performed in a randomized complete block design of with three cultivation densities of 30, 35 and 40 kg per hectare of rain fed chickpea in three replications, and the resultant data were analyzed in a split plot of time design. The plots were plowed on April 6 2013, then, the seeds placed at a depth of approximately 5 cm of soil. During the growing season, the generated runoff and amount of sediments were recorded. Results revealed that soil loss and runoff generation were significantly (P≤0.01) affected by plant density and as well by sampling time. But their interactions did not significantly affect runoff generation. Overall, plant density was more effective in sediment control, as compared with runoff control. A minimum level of runoff and sediment formation occurred at 40 kg/ha treatment within the third sampling time (421.88 l/ha and 2.45 kg/ha respectively) while a maximum degree of runoff and soil loss occurred within first sampling time at 30 g of seed per hectare treatment (1550 l/ha and 31.54 kg/ha, respectively). Results also indicated that total runoff and soil loss in the 30 kg/ha treatment were 1.1 and 1.4 times those in 35 kg/ha treatments and 1.5 and 1.9 times those in 40 kg/ha treatments, respectively. So 40 kg/ha of sowing density (For rainfed pea) is recommended for better soil conservation practices to be observed in similar conditions in conditions this region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Erosion plots
  • Plant canopy
  • Soil erosion
  • Soil loss
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