تاثیر تغییر کاربری اراضی بر خصوصیات اجزاء فیزیکی ماده آلی، میزان رس قابل انتشار و پایداری خاکدانه‌ها در برخی از اراضی استان خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار/ دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین

2 استاد/ دانشگاه زنجان

3 کارشناسی ارشد/ دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر تغییر کاربری اراضی بر اجزاء فیزیکی ماده آلی خاک و برخی از فاکتورهای کیفی آن این پژوهش انجام شد. بدین منظور دو کاربری بکر و کشت شده(شامل کشت تناوبی و نیشکر) در استان خوزستان انتخاب و نمونه­های دست­خورده و دست­نخورده از دو عمق 30-0 و 60-30 سانتیمتری در سه تکرار تهیه گردید. نیتروژن کل، کربن آلی، رس قابل انتشار، پایداری خاکدانه­ها و اجزاء مختلف مواد آلی در هر عمق تعیین و نتایج به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که مقدار کربن آلی از 6/3 گرم در کیلوگرم در بکر بترتیب به 5/10 و 7/10 در اراضی با کاربری نیشکر و تناوبی افزایش یافت. بیشترین مقدار شاخص پایداری خاکدانه­ها در کاربری نیشکر و کمترین آن در اراضی بکر مشاهده شد. با تغییر کاربری اراضی، مقدار رس قابل انتشار از 46% در اراضی بایر به 8/34 و 5/40% درنیشکری و تناوبی کاهش یافت. کربن آلی و نیتروژن کل در تمام اجزاء فیزیکی ماده آلی بر اثر تغییر کاربری از بکر به نیشکر و تناوبی افزایش یافت ولی جزء شن نسبت به دیگر اجزاء به تغییر کاربری اراضی حساس­تر بوده و سریع‌تر واکنش نشان داد. همچنین در اثر تغییر کاربری، کربن آلی و نیتروژن در بخش شن ماده آلی در لایه سطحی اغلب مناطق غنی­تر بود. با این وجود تغییر کاربری اراضی در درجه اول سبب افزایش میزان ماده آلی در جزء رس خاک، در مرتبه بعدی در جزء شن و به میزان اندک در جزء سیلت بود که احتمالا به وجود ترکیبات حلقوی و مقاوم به تجزیه میکروبی در این بخش از مواد آلی مربوط می­گردد. نتایج نشان داد که در مناطقی که خاک بکر کیفیت بالایی ندارد اعمال مدیریت­های صحیح زراعی از طریق ایجاد امکان کشت و افزایش ماده آلی، باعث افزایش خاکدانه­سازی و بهبود کیفیت خاک می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of land use changes on physical fractionation properties of organic matter, clay dispersion and aggregate stability in some Khuzestan soils province

نویسندگان [English]

  • siroos jafari 1
  • ahmad golchin 2
  • ahmad Toolabifard 3
1 agriculture and natural resources university of Khuzestan
2 proffesor/zanjan university
3 M.Sc/ Ramin agriculture and natural resources university of Khuzestan
چکیده [English]

This research was conducted to study the effect of land use change on some physical fractionation component of organic matter and some of its quality factors. Therefore, two uncultivated and cultivated (such as rotational cropping and sugarcane) were selected in Khuzestan province. Disturbed and undisturbed soils were sampled from 0-30 and 30-60 cm depths. Total N, OC, dispersible clay (DC), aggregate stability and organic matter differentiation were comprised as factorial in Randomized blocks. The results showed that total carbon content was increased from 3.57 g kg-1 for uncultivated to 10.5 and 10.65% for sugarcane and rotation cropping system, respectively. Maximum aggregate stability was belonging to sugarcane and minimum was for uncultivated land use. Due to land use changes, dispersible clay content was reduced from 44 in uncultivated land to 33 and 38% under sugarcane and rotation cropping system, respectively. Organic carbon content and total N was increased with land use change from uncultivated to cultivate but sand component was more sensitive to the land use change as comparison to other component and reacted rapidly. Also, organic carbon and nitrogen was more reach in sand particle of organic matter in surface layer. While, the change of land use increased clay fraction of organic matter at first level, this was for sand fraction in second level and third level was belong to silt. This is related to aromatic structure and resistance of this fractionation of organic matter. It was concluded that for soils do not have good quality, best management practices (BMP) and increase organic matter can improve the soil quality and aggregate stability due to make good situation for cultivation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • aggregate stability
  • Dispersible clay
  • Land use
  • organic matter
  • physical fractionation
Angers, D. A. and Menus, G. R. (1993). Aggregate stability to water. In: M.R. Carter (Ed), Soil sampling and methods of analysis. Canadian Society of Soil Science, 54, 651-658.
Baldock, J. A. and Skjemstad, J. O. (2000). Role of the soil matrix and minerals in protecting natural organic materials against biological attack. Organic Geochemistry, 31, 697-710.
Barthès, B.G., Kouakoua, E., Larré-Larrouy, M.C., Razafimbelo, T.M., De Luca, E.F., Azontonde, A., Neves, C., Freitas, P. and Feller, C.L. (2008). Texture and sesquioxide effects on water-stable aggregates and organic matter in some tropical soils. Geoderma, 143, 14-25.
Bronick, C. J. and Lal, R. (2005). Soil structure and management: a review. Geoderma, 124, 3-22.
Byronic, G.J., and Lal, R. (2005). Maturing and rotation effect on soil organic carbon concentration for different aggregate size fractions on two soils northeastern Ohio, USA. Soil and Tillage Research, 81, 239-252.
Carapace, F., Lax, A. and Albaladejo, J. (2001). Soil aggregate stability and organic matter in clay and fine silt fractions in urban refuse-amended semi-arid soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65, 1235-1238.
Caravaca, F., Masciandaro, F. and Ceccanti, B. (2002). Land use in relation to soil chemical and biochemical properties in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment. Soil and Tillage Research, 68, 23-30.
Carpenter, D.R. and Chong, G.W. (2010). Patterns in the aggregate stability of Mancos Shale derived soils. Catena, 80, 65-73.
Chaney, K. and R. Swift. (1986). Studies on aggregate stability. ІІ: The effects of humic substances on the stability of re-formed aggregates. Soil Science, 37, 337-343.
Christensen, B. T. (1992). Physical fractionation of soil and organic matter in primary particle size and density separates. Advances in Soil Science, 20, 1-90.
Christensen, B. T. (2001). Physical fractionation of soil and structural and functional complexity in organic matter turn over. European Journal of Soil Science, 52, 345-353.
Dalal, R. C. and Mayer, R. J. (1986). Long-term trends in fertility of soils under continuous cultivation and cereal cropping in southern Queensland. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 24, 281-292.
Emadodin, I., Reiss, S. and Bork, R. (2009). A study of the relationship between land management and soil aggregate stability (case study near Albersdorf, Northern-Germany). ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 4, 48-53.
Fattet, M. Fu. Y., Ghestem, M. Ma. W., Foulonneau, M., Nespoulous, J., Bissonnais, Y.L. and Stokes, A. (2011). Effects of vegetation type on soil resistance to erosion: Relationship between aggregate stability and shear strength. Catena, 87, 60-69.
Franzluebbers, A.J., Wright, S.F. and Stuedemann J.A. (2000). Soil aggregation and glomalin under pastures in the Southern Piedmont USA. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64, 1018-1026.
Gallaher, R. N., Weldon, C. O. and Boswell, F. C. (1976). A semi-automated procedure for nitrogen in plant and soil samples. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 40, 887-889.
Ghorbani, Z., Jafari,S. and Khalil Moghaddam, B. (2013). The effect of physicochemical properties of soils under different land use on aggregate stability in somepart of Khuzestan province. Journal of soil management and sustainable production, 3(2), 29-51. (In Farsi)
Golchin, A. and M. J. Malakouti (1999). Maintenance and mobility of soil`organic matter.Iranian Journal Soil and Water Science, 13(1), 40-53.( In Farsi)
Golchin, A., Clarke, P., Oades, J. M. and Skjemstad, J. O. (1995). The effects of cultivation on the composition of organic matter and structural stability of soils. AustralianJournal of Soil Research, 33(6), 975-993.
Hajabbasi, M.A. and Fallahzade, J. (2010). Aggregation, carbohydrate, total and particulate organic carbon changes by cultivation of an arid soil in Central Iran. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Australia.
Jastrow, J.D. and Miller, R.M. (1997). Soil aggregate stabilization and carbon sequestration: Feedbacks through organ mineral associations. In: Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle (Ed. R. Lal et al.), pp. 207–223. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
John, B., Yamashita, T., Ludwig, B. and Flessa, H. (2005). Storage of organic carbon in aggregate and density fractions of silty soils under different type of land use. Geoderma, 128, 63-79.
Khazaei, A., Mossadeghi, M.R. and Mahboubi, A. A. (2008). The effect of experimental conditions, the amount of organic matter, clay and calcium carbonate on soil aggregate mean weight diameter and tensile strength of some soils of Hamadan province. Isfahan, Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 11(44), 134-123.
Liu, A., Ma, B.L. and Bomke, A. A. (2005). Effects of cover crops on soil aggregate stability, total organic carbon, and polysaccharides. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 69, 2041-2048.
Marquez, C. O., Garcia, V. J., Cambardella, C.A., Schultz, R. C. and Isenhart,T. M. (2004). Aggregate-size stability distribution and soil stability. SoilScience Society of America Journal, 68, 725-735.
Miller, R. M. and Jastrow, J.D. (1990). Hierarchy of root and mycorrhizal fungal interactions with soil aggregation. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 22, 579–584.
Minhas, P.S. and Sharma, D.R. (1986). Hydraulic conductivity and clay dispersion as affected by application sequence of saline and simulated rainwater. Irrigation Science, 7,158-167.
Moscatelli, M. C., Tizio, A. D. Marinari, S. and Grego, S. (2007). Microbial indicators related to soil carbon in Mediterranean land use systems. Soil and Tillage Research, 97, 51-59.
Olk, D. C. and Gregorich, E. G. (2006). Overview of the symposium proceedings, meaningful pools in determining soil carbon. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70, 967-974.
Onweremadu, E., Izuogu, O. and Akamigbo, F. (2010). Aggregation and pedogenesis of seasonally inundated soils of a tropical watershed. Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 37, 74-84.
Randall, E. W., Mathiue, N., Powlson, D. S. and Christensen, B. T. (1995). Fertilization effects on organic matter in physically fractionated soils as studied by 13C NMR: results from two long term field experiments. European Journal of Soil Science, 46,557-565.
Rasmussen, P. E. and Collins, H. P. (1991). Long -term impacts of tillage, fertilizer, and crop residue on soil organic matter in temperate semi-arid regions. Advanced Agronomy, 45, 93-134.
Schulten, H. R. and Leinweber, P. (2000). New insights into organic-mineral particles: composition, properties and models of molecular structure. Biology and Fertility of Soil, 30, 399-432.
Shrestha, B.M., Singh, B.R., Sitaula, B.K., Lal, R. and Bajracharya, R.M. (2007). Soil aggregate- and particle-associated organic carbon under different land uses in Nepal. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 71, 1194-1203.
Six, J., Guggenberger, G., Paustian, K., Haumaier, L., Elliott, E. T. and Zech, W. (2001). Sources and composition of soil organic matter fractions between and within soil aggregate. European Journal of Soil Science, 52(4), 607-618.
Spaccini, R., Mbagwu, H. S. C., Igwe, C. A., Conte, P. and Piccolo, A. (2004). Carbohydrate and aggregation in lowland soils of Nigeria as influenced by organic input. Soil and Tillage Research, 75, 161-172.
Tajik. F. (2004). Evaluation of soil aggregate stability in some regions of Iran. Isfahan Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 8(1), 107-123.
Tan, Z. and Lal, R. (2005). Carbon sequestration potential estimates with changes in land use and tillage practice in Ohio, USA. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 111,140-152.
Tan, Z., Lal, R. Owens, L. and Izaurralde, R. C. (2007). Distribution of light and heavy fractions of soil organic carbon as related to land use and tillage practice. Soil and Tillage Research, 92, 53-59.
Wagai, R., Mayer, L. M. and Kitayama, K. (2009). Nature of the occluded low density fraction in soil organic matter studies: A critical review. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 55, 13-25.
Walkley, A., and Black, I.A. 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining organic carbon in soils: Effect of variations in digestion conditions and of inorganic soil constituents. Soil Science, 63, 251-263.
Wu, S.C., Cao, Z. H., Li, Z. G., Cheung, K. C. and Wong, M. H. (2005). Effects of biofertilizers containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizer and AM fungi on maize growth: a greenhouse trail. Geoderma, 125, 155-166.