ویژگی های جذبی نیترات بر کربن فعال

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

2 عضو هیئت علمی گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

3 عضو هیئت علمی مؤسسة تحقیقات خاک و آب کرج

چکیده

در این تحقیق توانایی کربن فعال (ساخت شرکت مریک) به منزلة جاذب برای خارج‏سازی نیترات از آب‏های آلوده ارزیابی شد. برای این منظور سینتیک و هم‌دمای جذب نیترات، اثر زمان‏ تماس، غلظت‏ اولیه، Ph، و دما در جذب نیترات بر کربن فعال بررسی شد. همچنین، خصوصیات سطحی کربن فعال به وسیلة FTIR و میکروسکوپ الکترونی مطالعه شد. از دو مدل سینتیکی ساده‌شدة شبه‌مرتبة اول و شبه‌مرتبة دوم برای توصیف داده‌های سینتیکی و همچنین مدل فروندلیچ و لانگمویر برای توصیف داده‌های هم‌دمای جذب استفاده شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد مقدار جذب نیترات با زمان افزایش یافت و بعد از 10 دقیقه به حداکثر مقدار خود رسید. حداکثر جذب نیترات در pH خنثی بود و با افزایش یا کاهش pH میزان جذب کاهش یافت. مقدار جذب نیترات با کاهش دما افزایش یافت که می‏تواند نشان‏دهندة گرمازا بودن واکنش جذب نیترات بر کربن فعال باشد. مقایسة ضرایب تعیین معادلات برازش‌شده نشان داد معادلة شبه‌مرتبة دوم (000/1 R2=) بهتر از معادلة شبه‌مرتبة اول (839/0 R2=) می‏تواند دادة سینتیکی جذب نیترات را توصیف کند. هم‌دمای جذب به‌خوبی با مدل لانگمویر توصیف شد (998/0 R2=) و حداکثر جذب 93/8 میلی‏گرم بر گرم کربن فعال بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Characteristics of Nitrate Sorption onto Activated Carbon

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa Marzi 1
  • Mohsen Farahbakhsh 2
  • Karim Shahbazi 3
1 Graduate Student, , Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
2 Assistant professor, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
3 Member of Scientific Board, Soil and Water Research Institute, Karaj
چکیده [English]

The potential of activated carbon (a product of Merck) as an adsorbent has been studied for removal of nitrate from some polluted water sources. In line with this purpose, nitrate sorption kinetics and isotherms, as well as the effects of contact time, initial concentration, pH and temperature on nitrate sorption onto activated carbon were investigated. The surface characteristics of activated carbon were also studied, through FTIR and SEM techniques. Two simplified kinetics models, namely: pseudo-first and pseudo-second orders were tested to investigate the sorption mechanisms and while two isotherm models namely Freundlich and Langmuir employed to describe the equilibrium sorption of nitrate onto activated carbon. The results revealed that the amount of nitrate sorption increased with time and reached its maximum after ten minutes past. Maximum nitrate sorption occurred in a neutral pH figure, and with either increase or decrease in the pH level, the amount of sorption being decreased. The amount of nitrate sorption increased with a decrease in temperature, level, the depicting the exothermic nature of sorption. A comparison of the coefficient of determination of the fitted equations indicated that pseudo-second order equation (R2=1.000) was better fitting than pseudo-first order equation (R2=0.839) for description of nitrate sorption data. Sorption isotherm was proper, as described by Langmuier model (R2=0.998) and the maximum sorption parameter equaled 8.93 mg per gr of activated carbon.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • activated carbon
  • Isotherm
  • Kinetics
  • Nitrate
  • sorption
Acharya, J., Sahu, J., Mohanty, C., and Meikap, B. (2009). Removal of lead (II) from wastewater by activated carbon developed from Tamarind wood by zinc chloride activation. Chemical Engineering Journal 149, 249-262.
Bhatnagar, A., Ji, M., Choi, Y. H., Jung, W., Lee, S. H., Kim, S. J., Lee, G., Suk, H., Kim, H. S., and Min, B. (2008). Removal of nitrate from water by adsorption onto zinc chloride treated activated carbon. Separation Science and Technology 43, 886-907.
Bryan, N. S. and van Grinsven, H. (2013). The role of nitrate in human health. Advances in Agronomy. 119: 153-182
Bingol, A., Ucun, H., Bayhan, Y. K., Karagunduz, A., Cakici, A., and Keskinler, B. (2004). Removal of chromate anions from aqueous stream by a cationic surfactant-modified yeast. Bioresource technology 94, 245-249.
Cengeloglu, Y., Tor, A., Ersoz, M., and Arslan, G. (2006). Removal of nitrate from aqueous solution by using red mud. Separation and Purification Technology 51, 374-378.
Chabani, M., Amrane, A., and Bensmaili, A. (2007). Kinetics of nitrates adsorption on Amberlite IRA 400 resin. Desalination 206, 560-567.
Chabani, M., Amrane, A., and Bensmaili, A. (2009). Equilibrium sorption isotherms for nitrate on resin Amberlite IRA 400. Journal of hazardous materials 165, 27-33.
Chatterjee, S. and Woo, S. H. (2009). The removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions by chitosan hydrogel beads. Journal of hazardous materials 164, 1012-1018.
Cheng, I. F., Muftikian, R., Fernando, Q., and Korte, N. (1997). Reduction of nitrate to ammonia by zero-valent iron. Chemosphere 35, 2689-2695.
Chintala, R., Mollinedo, J., Schumacher, T. E., Papiernik, S. K., Malo, D. D., Clay, D. E., Kumar, S., and Gulbrandson, D. W. (2013). Nitrate sorption and desorption in biochars from fast pyrolysis. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 179, 250-257.
Choi, H.-D., Cho, J.-M., Baek, K., Yang, J.-S., and Lee, J.-Y. (2009). Influence of cationic surfactant on adsorption of Cr (VI) onto activated carbon. Journal of hazardous materials 161, 1565-1568.
Cleceri, L., Greenberg, A., and Eaton, A. (1998). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Association, Washington, DC, USA.
Demiral, H. and Gündüzoğlu, G. (2010). Removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions by activated carbon prepared from sugar beet bagasse. Bioresource technology 101, 1675-1680.
Elmidaoui, A., Sahli, M., Tahaikt, M., Chay, L., Taky, M., Elmghari, M., and Hafsi, M. (2003). Selective nitrate removal by coupling electrodialysis and a bioreactor. Desalination 153, 389-397.
Erentürk, S. and Malkoç, E. (2007). Removal of lead (II) by adsorption onto Viscum album L.: Effect of temperature and equilibrium isotherm analyses. Applied Surface Science 253, 4727-4733.
Gammoudi, S., Frini-Srasra, N., and Srasra, E. (2012). Nitrate sorption by organosmectites. Engineering Geology 124, 119-129.
Halajnia, A., Oustan, S., Najafi, N., Khataee, A., and Lakzian, A. (2013). Adsorption–desorption characteristics of nitrate, phosphate and sulfate on Mg–Al layered double hydroxide. Applied Clay Science 80, 305-312.
Hamoudi, S. and Belkacemi, K. (2013). Adsorption of nitrate and phosphate ions from aqueous solutions using organically-functionalized silica materials: Kinetic modeling. Fuel 110, 107-113.
Ho, Y. and McKay, G. (1999). The sorption of lead (II) ions on peat. Water Research 33, 578-584.
Hoda, N., Bayram, E., and Ayranci, E. (2006). Kinetic and equilibrium studies on the removal of acid dyes from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto activated carbon cloth. Journal of hazardous materials 137, 344-351.
Kadirvelu, K. and Namasivayam, C. (2003). Activated carbon from coconut coirpith as metal adsorbent: adsorption of Cd (II) from aqueous solution. Advances in Environmental Research 7, 471-478.
Katal, R., Baei, M. S., Rahmati, H. T., and Esfandian, H. (2012). Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic study of nitrate adsorption from aqueous solution using modified rice husk. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 18, 295-302.
Larkin, P. (2011). "Infrared and Raman spectroscopy; principles and spectral interpretation," Elsevier.
Li, Z. (2003). Use of surfactant-modified zeolite as fertilizer carriers to control nitrate release. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 61, 181-188.
Matos, C. T., Sequeira, A. M., Velizarov, S., Crespo, J. G., and Reis, M. A. (2009). Nitrate removal in a closed marine system through the ion exchange membrane bioreactor. Journal of hazardous materials 166, 428-434.
Moreno, B., Gomez, M., Ramos, A., Gonzalez-Lopez, J., and Hontoria, E. (2005). Influence of inocula over start up of a denitrifying submerged filter applied to nitrate contaminated groundwater treatment. Journal of hazardous materials 127, 180-186.
Öztürk, N. and Bektaş, T. E. l. (2004). Nitrate removal from aqueous solution by adsorption onto various materials. Journal of hazardous materials 112, 155-162.
Pintar, A., Batista, J., and Levec, J. (2001). Integrated ion exchange/catalytic process for efficient removal of nitrates from drinking water. Chemical engineering science 56, 1551-1559.
Riebe, B., Dultz, S., and Bunnenberg, C. (2005). Temperature effects on iodine adsorption on organo-clay minerals: I. Influence of pretreatment and adsorption temperature. Applied Clay Science 28, 9-16.
Schoeman, J. and Steyn, A. (2003). Nitrate removal with reverse osmosis in a rural area in South Africa. Desalination 155, 15-26.
Seliem, M. K., Komarneni, S., Byrne, T., Cannon, F., Shahien, M., Khalil, A., and Abd El-Gaid, I. (2013). Removal of nitrate by synthetic organosilicas and organoclay: Kinetic and isotherm studies. Separation and Purification Technology 110, 181-187.
Yao, Y., Gao, B., Inyang, M., Zimmerman, A. R., Cao, X., Pullammanappallil, P., and Yang, L. (2011). Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by biochar derived from anaerobically digested sugar beet tailings. Journal of hazardous materials 190, 501-507.