تأثیر حذف ماده آلی بر ویژگی‌های واجذب و نگهداشت فسفر در برخی خاک‌های آهکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم خاک دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز

2 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز

3 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم خاک دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

در این مطالعه تأثیر حذف مادة آلی بر ویژگی‏های واجذب فسفر در دوازده خاک آهکی بررسی شد. مادة آلی خاک‏های مطالعه‌شده، با استفاده از محلول هیپوکلریت سدیم (NaOCl)، در دمای اتاق حذف شد. آزمایش واجذب در ادامة آزمایش جذب در بالاترین غلظت اولیة فسفر (100 میلی‏گرم فسفر در لیتر) انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد مقدار واجذب فسفر بعد از حذف مادة آلی کاهش می‌یابد. داده‏های نگهداشت فسفر به وسیلة معادلات فروندلیچ، لنگمویر، تمکین، ون‏های، گانری، و دابینین‌ـ راداشکوویچ توصیف شدند؛ اما معادلة لنگمویر از نظر آماری برازش بهتری به داده‏های نگهداشت فسفر نشان داد. حداکثر نگهداشت فسفر (b) محاسبه‌شده با معادلة لنگمویر، بعد از حذف مادة آلی، در دامنة 1/392 تا 5/757 با میانگین 8/560 میلی‏گرم بر کیلوگرم بود که نسبت به شرایط قبل از حذف 4/7 درصد افزایش نشان داد. هم‌دماهای جذب و نگهداشت فسفر بر یک‌دیگر منطبق نشدند و پدیدة پسماند مشاهده شد که حاکی از یکسان‌نبودن مکانیسم جذب و واجذب فسفر است. میانگین شاخص پسماند محاسبه‌شده با معادلة فروندلیچ، پس از حذف مادة آلی، از 7/29 درصد به 1/18 درصد کاهش یافت. بعد از حذف مادة آلی حداکثر نگهداشت تئوری فسفر (qm) حاصل از معادلة دابینین‌ـ راداشکوویچ 8/6 درصد افزایش یافت. انرژی نگهداشت (E) حاصل از معادلة دابینین‌ـ راداشکوویچ قبل و بعد از حذف مادة آلی به ترتیب 19 و 25 کیلوژول بر مول محاسبه شد که طبق ادعای این معادله نشان‌دهندة نگهداشت شیمیایی فسفر در خاک‌های مطالعه‌شده است. نیاز استاندارد فسفر یا P0.2، که معیاری از نیاز کودی اکثر گیاهان زراعی برای تولید بهینه است، بعد از حذف مادة آلی بیش از دو برابر افزایش نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of organic matter removal on desorption and retention characteristics of phosphorus in some calcareous soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masumeh Mahdizadeh 1
  • Adel Reyhanitabar 2
  • Shahin Oustan 2
  • Saber Heidari 3
1 Former Graduate Student, Soil Sci. Dept., Faculty of Agric., Univ. of Tabriz, Iran
2 Assosiate Prof., Soil Sci. Dept., Faculty of Agric., Univ. of Tabriz, Iran
3 Ph.D. Student, Soil Sci. Dept., Faculty of Agric., Univ. of Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The effect of organic matter removal on retention and desorption characteristics of phosphorus (P) was studied in 12 calcareous soils. Soil organic matter was removed through an application of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution at room temperature. To evaluate the characteristics related to P release, desorption experiments following adsorption ones were performed at the highest initial concentration of phosphorus (100 mg P L-1). The results revealed that the amount of P desorption decreased following a removal of organic matter. P retention data were adequately described through Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, Gunary and Dubinin Radushkevich equations, but the most appropriate model was found to be the Langmuir Equation. Phosphorous retention maxima,b, calculated from Langmuir equation after soil organic matter removal ranged from 392.1 to 757.5 with a mean value of 560.8 mg/kg,which showed an increase of 7.4 % over the previously soil organic matter removal. Phosphorus retention and sorption isotherm showed hysteresis which indicates retention and desorption mechanisms not being the same. The mean hysteresis indices calculated from Freundlich decreased from 29.7 to 18.1 % after a removal of organic matter. Also, after organic matter removal, maximum P retention (qm) calculated from Dubinin Radushkevich equation increased by 8.6 %. The energy of P retention calculated from Dubinin Radushkevich model was 19 and 25 kJ mol-1, before and after organic matter removal, respectively, which, according to this equation, represents the chemical retention mechanism of P in the studied soils. The P standatd requirement, P0.2, a measure of the P fertilizer reqired for optimal production, increased more than twice following soil organic matter removal.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Desorption
  • isotherm
  • organic matter
  • Phosphorus
  • Sodium hypochlorite

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