Fire is one of the most important ecological disturbances that can significantly affect the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. The intensity, duration, and frequency of fire, are effective on soil properties. In Khuzestan Province, intentional and managed fires are widely practiced in agricultural lands, especially after sugarcane harvest. In order to conduct this study, three land uses including sugarcane, wheat and virgin shrubland were selected and the effect of fire on four land treatments including sugarcane (SAH), wheat with residues (WCR), wheat without residues (WRR) and shrubland (BSA) was investigated. Soil sampling was carried out from a depth of 0 to 10 cm, before and after the fire. Also, temperature changes during and after the fire were monitored at surface up to 60 cm. The data were analyzed using a paired t-test. In addition, the DNDC model was used to evaluate soil carbon and nitrogen cycles. The results showed that the highest temperature increase occurred at the soil surface and decreased with increasing depth. In the WCR treatment, fire caused a significant increase in electrical conductivity and a significant decrease in the final infiltration rate and microbial respiration. In the BSA treatment, more severe changes were observed; organic carbon, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity, wilting point moisture, final infiltration rate, and microbial respiration were significantly reduced, while bulk density showed a significant increase. The DNDC model results also showed a significant decrease in soil organic carbon and organic nitrogen in the BSA and WCR treatments in the long term.