نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 بخش تحقیقات شیمی و فیزیک خاک و فناوری کود، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
2 بخــش خاک و آب، مرکــز تحقیقــات و آمــوزش کشــاورزی و منابــع طبیعــی اســتان کرمانشاه، ســازمان تحقیقــات، آمــوزش و ترویــج،کرمانشا
3 بخــش خاک و آب، مرکــز تحقیقــات و آمــوزش کشــاورزی و منابــع طبیعــی اســتان خراسان رضوی، ســازمان تحقیقــات، آمــوزش و ترویــج،
4 بخــش خاک و آب، مرکــز تحقیقــات و آمــوزش کشــاورزی و منابــع طبیعــی اســتان آذربایجان شرقی،سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،
5 بخــش خاک و آب، مرکــز تحقیقــات و آمــوزش کشــاورزی و منابــع طبیعــی اســتان اصفهان، ســازمان تحقیقــات، آمــوزش و ترویــج،اصفهان،ای
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The production of compost from biodegradable urban waste is one of the waste management methods. This research aimed to evaluate the quality of composts in the country. samples were collected from compost produced in factories in Mashhad, Kermanshah, Tehran (first and second grade from Kahrizak), Tabriz, and Isfahan (Isfahan, Shahin Shahr, Lenjan, and Najafabad) over a period of two years. The samples were analyzed for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, total lead, total nickel, total chromium, total cadmium, total arsenic, total cobalt, foreign materials, moisture, electrical conductivity, and acidity. none of the composts produced in the country met the standard conditions and failed to comply with the Iranian national standards in at least one or more parameters. The average concentrations of cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, cobalt, and arsenic in the samples were 3.27, 134, 69, 76, 7.90, and 3 mg/kg of dry weight, indicating non-compliance rates of 6.5%, 16%, 11.2%, 9.47%, 0.59%, and 0%, respectively. The pH had an average of 7.32, showing a 13.4% non-compliance with standards. Electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O), and moisture content averaged 5.71, 20.7, 12.7, 1.81, 1.01, 0.96, and 23.6%, respectively, indicating non-compliance rates of 10.7%, 80.5%, 68%, 36.4%, 96.7%, 0%, and 31.4% compared to first-grade compost. it is necessary to evaluate and improve the quality of produced composts concerning organic carbon content and heavy metals, especially lead, to address the non-compliance issues in agricultural usage.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
EXTENDED ABSTRACT
Population growth, increasing urbanization, changing lifestyles, and rising waste production have become global issues today. Compost production from the biodegradable portion of waste is one of the waste management methods that has been initiated in our country for several years. If the compost produced from urban waste has suitable quality, it can be a viable option for use in agricultural lands in Iran, considering its organic carbon content and nutrients as a soil improver.
This study aimed to investigate the quality of compost produced in Iran.
compost samples were collected monthly from composting facilities in Mashhad, Kermanshah, Tehran (first and second grade from Kahrizak), Tabriz, Isfahan (Isfahan, Shahin Shahr, Lenjan, and Najafabad) from winter2016 to winter2018. The quality indicators of compost included: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, total lead, total nickel, total chromium, total cadmium, total arsenic, total cobalt, percentage of foreign materials, moisture percentage, electrical conductivity, and acidity, which were measured in all samples at the central laboratory of the Soil and Water Research Institute of Iran.
none of the composts produced in the country met the conditions for standard compost, and at least one or more parameters did not comply with the national standard of Iran. The average concentrations of cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, cobalt, and arsenic in the composts produced in the country were 3.27, 134, 69, 76, 7.90, and 3 mg/kg of dry weight, respectively, indicating non-compliance with the national standard of Iran by 6.5%, 16%, 11.2%, 9.47%, 0.59%, and 0%. The results of the physical and chemical parameter assessments also indicated that the pH, with an average of 7.32, had 13.4% non-compliance with the standard. EC (dS/m), OC (%), C:N, N (%), P2O5 (%), K2O (%), and moisture (%) had average values of 5.71, 20.7, 12.7, 1.81, 1.01, 0.96, and 23.6, respectively, which showed non-compliance with the national standard of Iran by 10.7%, 80.5%, 68%, 36.4%, 96.7%, 0%, and 31.4% for first-grade compost, and 0%, 18.3%, 32%, 27.2%, 0%, 0%, and 0% non-compliance for second-grade compost.
Therefore, for use in agricultural lands, it is necessary to assess the produced compost regarding organic carbon content and then heavy metals, especially lead, and improve the quality to address the non-compliances with national standard.
“Conceptualization, Kambiz Bazargan, Fardin Hamedi, Peyman Keshavrz, HamidReza Rahmani, Ahmad Bybordi, Karim Shahbazi; methodology, Kobrasadat Hasheminasab; data curation and software, Mojgan Yeganeh; writing—original draft preparation, Mojgan Yeganeh, Kambiz Bazargan and Kobrasadat Hasheminasab; writing—review and editing, Kobrasadat Hasheminasab; visualization, Mojgan Yeganeh; supervision, and project administration, Y.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.” All authors contributed equally to the conceptualization of the article and writing of the original and subsequent drafts.
Data will be available based on request from the authors.
The authors would like to thank all participants of the present study.
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of ABCD (Ethical code: IR.UT.RES.2024.500). The authors avoided data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and misconduct.
The author declares no conflict of interest.
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