Effects of Filter Cake, Bagasse and Chemical Fertilizers Application on Some Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Sugarcane

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Deparment of Soil Sience, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract

The effect of obtained bagasse and filter cake from sugarcane industry with some chemical fertilizers at the same time as soil preparation and two stages of irrigation, on some characteristics of sugarcane was investigated as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design in 2021 in a field of 19 hectares located in Debel Khazei agro-industry company in Khuzestan province, Iran. The factors were consisted of organic amendments (no organic amendments, bagasse, filter cake, and bagasse+filter cake), urea fertilizer (with and without urea application), and triple superphosphate fertilizer (75% and 100% of the recommended amount).The factors were consisted of organic amendments (no organic amendments, 50 tons per hectare of bagasse, 50 tons per hectare of filter cake, and 50 tons per hectare of equal amounts of both bagasse and filter cake), urea fertilizer (with 150 kg per hectare and without urea application), and triple superphosphate fertilizer (75% (187.5 kg/ha) and 100% of the recommended amount (250 kg/ha).The results showed that the combined effect of organic amendment and urea fertilizer was significant on the number of buds, number of tillers, and stem weight. The maximum value of each trait was measured by the application of filter cake and urea fertilizer by 671292 buds per hectare, 757542 tillers per hectare, and 857.55 g of individual stem weight, which were 60, 78.4 and 41.35% higher than the non-application of organic amendment and urea fertilizer, respectively. The application of urea with bagasse resulted in a 7.35% increase in the number of stems compared to the control. The application of filter cake, the combination of bagasse + filter cake and bagasse with urea increased the yield by 54, 31.2 and 13.3 percent, respectively, compared to the control. The obtained yield was equal to 135.1, 120.1 and 99.4 tons per hectare, respectively. The application of filter cake with urea led to a 21.8% increase in juice percentage compared to the non-use of organic amendment and the normal level of fertilizer application (450 kg/ha during the growing season). Using 100% of the recommended dosage of phosphate fertilizer in the presence of urea increased juice percentage by 7.9% compared to the non-use of urea and the same amount of phosphate. Based on the effect of filter cake and bagasse and their application method on sugarcane's growth and yield characteristics, their use is recommended using the present research method.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Effects of Filter Cake, Bagasse and Chemical Fertilizers Application on Some Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Sugarcane

 

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Introduction

In Iran, sugarcane is considered a strategic crop, and a large area of land in the southern of Khuzestan is allocated for its cultivation. Every year, a large amount of by-products such as bagasse and filter cake are produced, which have high nutritional value for soil fertility. Due to the importance of organic fertilizers in sustainable agriculture and the need to optimize the use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural ecosystems, a study was conducted in 2021 on a 19-hectare experimental farm dedicated to Debel Khozaei sugarcane agro-industry in Khuzestan province, Iran. The aim was to investigate the effect of sugarcane bagasse and filter cake application with and without urea, along with two levels of superphosphate triple fertilizer, during tillage operations and two stages of irrigation to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the sugarcane plant.

 

Materials and Methods

 The research was performed as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors were consisted of organic amendments (no organic amendments, 50 tons per hectare of bagasse, 50 tons per hectare of filter cake, and 50 tons per hectare of equal amounts of both bagasse and filter cake), urea fertilizer (with 150 kg per hectare and without urea application), and triple superphosphate fertilizer (75% and 100% of the recommended amount, namely 187.5 kg/ha and 250 kg/ha, respectively). The plant characteristics measured during the sugarcane growth and after harvesting including germination, tillering, number of stems and weight of millable stems, sugarcane yield, syrup percentage, bridge, Brix, and syrup purity.

 

Results

The results showed that the effect of organic fertilizer alone and its interaction with urea on the number of buds, tillering, millable stems, and weight of stems was significant. The maximum value of each trait was measured by the application of filter cake and urea fertilizer by 671292 buds per hectare, 757542 tillers per hectare, and 857.55 g of individual stem weight, which were 60, 78.4 and 41.35% higher than the non-application of organic amendment and urea fertilizer, respectively. Whilst the highest number of stems was observed in the application of filter cakes without urea. The interaction of each organic amendment with urea fertilizer increased the number of shoots by 60%, 39%, and 49.3%, respectively. The mean comparison results of the interaction effect of applied organic matters and urea fertilizer showed the highest number of tillers per hectare obtained using filter cake and afterward filter cake + bagasse along with the application of urea. So that the accompanying urea with filter cake, bagasse, filter cake + bagasse could increase tiller number by 78.4%, 43.9%, and 45.4%, respectively, compared to normal farm conditions (the conventional use of chemical fertilizers) and without urea fertilizer treatment. The application of filter cake, the combination of bagasse + filter cake and bagasse with urea increased the yield by 54, 31.2 and 13.3 percent, respectively, compared to the control. The obtained yield was equal to 135.1, 120.1 and 99.4 tons per hectare, respectively. Also, the application of 100% of the recommended phosphate fertilizer increased yield by 4% compared to 75% of the recommended rate. The effect of urea on syrup percentage, POL, Brix, and syrup purity was significant (p< 0.01%). Application of urea increased syrup content by 4.7 and decreased POL, Brix, and syrup purity by 1.3, 6.7, and 2%, respectively. The application of filter cake with urea increased the syrup percentage by 21.8% compared to the control. Also, the application of 100% of the recommended phosphate fertilizer with urea increased the percentage of syrup by 7.9 compared to the absence of urea and the same amount of phosphate.

Conclusion

Considering the significant effect of filter cake and bagasse and their method of application on the growth characteristics and yield of the sugarcane plant, their use is recommended according to the present research method.

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Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
Volume 54, Issue 5
August 2023
Pages 811-827

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