Evaluation of Outflow Relationships from Sluice Gates

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Student, Irrigation and Reclamation Eng. Dept., University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran

2 Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj Campus, Karaj 3158777871, IRAN

3 Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

4 Department of Hydromechanics and Hydraulic Engineering, Bundeswehr University Munich, Munich, Germany

Abstract

One of the structures for controlling and measuring flow in open channels are the sluice gates. In this study, to estimate the outflow from the sluice gates, the existing relationships for orifices evaluated theoretically and experimentally. A new method was established for estimating the contraction coefficient and energy loss coefficient under free-flow condition. Some equations proposed to estimate the outflow from sluice gates under submerged flow conditions using the energy-moment principles and relationships for orifices. In order to evaluate the accuracy of recommended relationships, the outflow from the sluice gates was experimentally tested in a channel of 18 meters long and one meter wide. Comparison of the results showed that all the presented orifice relationships have similarly good capabilities to estimate the outflow from the sluice gates under free-flow conditions. It was concluded that the applying of Henry relationship would be the simplest one in determining the contraction coefficient. Under submerged flow conditions, all the orifice relationships have competent accuracy in estimating the flow rate, with an order of errors less than 10 percent. Under full ranges of free to submerged flow conditions, the discharge coefficient can be determined by the relationship of Rajaratnam and Subramanya as a function of the head loss coefficient, the contraction coefficient and the opening-to-depth ratio.

Keywords

References

Alminagorta, O. and Merkley, G. (2009). Transitional Flow between Orifice and Nonorifice Regimes at a Rectangular Sluice Gate. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 135(3), 382–387.
Ansar, M. (2001). Discussion of „Simultaneous flow over and under a gate by V. Ferro. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 127(5), 325-326.
Belaud, G., & Litrico, X. (2008). Closed-form solution of the potential flow in a contracted flume. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 599, 299-308.
Cassan, L., and Belaud, G. (2011). Experimental and numerical investigation of flow under sluice gates. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 138(4), 367-373.
Castro-Orgaz, O., Lozano, D., and Mateos, L. (2010). Energy and momentum velocity coefficients for calibration of submerged sluice gates in irrigation canals. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 136(9), 610–616.
Clemmens, A. J., Strelkoff, T. S., & Replogle, J. A. (2003). Calibration of submerged radial gates. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 129(9), 680-687.
Ferro, V. (2000). Simultaneous flow over and under a gate. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 126(3), 190- 193.
Ghavidel, M.A., Kuchakzadeh, S., Bijankhan, M. (2018). Numerical modeling of flow through sluice gates in all submergence range. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 49(3), 583-596 (In Farsi)
Habibzadeh, A., Vatankhah, A., and Rajaratnam, N. (2011). Role of Energy Loss on Discharge Characteristics of Sluice Gates. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 137(9), 1079–1084.
Henry, H. R. (1950). A study of flow from a submerged sluice gate. M.S. thesis, Dept. of Mechanics and Hydraulics, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA.
Kim, D. G. (2007). Numerical analysis of free flow past a sluice gate. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 11(2), 127-132.
Kubrak, E., Kubrak, J., Kiczko, A., & Kubrak, M. (2020). Flow Measurements Using a Sluice Gate; Analysis of Applicability. Water, 12(3), 819.
Lozano, D., Mateos, L., Merkley, G. P., and Clemmens, A. J. (2009). Field calibration of submerged sluice gates in irrigation canals. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 135(6), 763–773.
Rajaratnam, N., and Subramanya, K. (1967). Flow equation for the sluice gate. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Divison, 93(IR3), 167–186.
Roth, A., Hager, W. H. (1999). Underflow of standard sluice gate. Journal of Experiments in Fluids, 27(4), 339–350.
Sepulveda Toepfer, C. (2008). “Instrumentation, model identification and control of an experimental irrigation canal.” Ph.D. thesis, Technical Univ. of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
Sepúlveda, C., Gómez, M., & Rodellar, J. (2009). Benchmark of discharge calibration methods for submerged sluice gates. Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering, 135(5), 676-682.
Shammaa, Y., Zhu, D., and Rajaratnam, N. (2005).  Flow Upstream of Orifices and Sluice Gates. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 131(2), 127–133.
Shayan, H. K., & Farhoudi, J. (2013). Effective parameters for calculating discharge coefficient of sluice gates. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 33, 96-105.
Steppert, M., Epple, P., & Malcherek, A. (2020). Parametrisation of the Pressure and the Momentum Integral for Inclined Sluicegates Flows. In ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection.
Woycicki, K. (1931). Wassersprung, Deckwalze und Ausfluss unter einer Schütze [Hydraulic jump, roller and outflow from below a gate]. Ph.D. dissertation 639, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Wu, S., & Rajaratnam, N. (2015). Solutions to rectangular sluice gate flow problems. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 141(12), 06015003.
 
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
Volume 52, Issue 8
November 2021
Pages 2077-2091

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics