Quasi Two-Dimensional Modeling of Flow Hydraulics and Bed Load Transport in Zaremrood River

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD. Student of Water Structures Dep. of Water Engineering, water and soil college. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. iran

2 Associated Professor, Dep. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Golestan.

3 Dep. of Water Engineering, water and soil college. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. iran

Abstract

Determining the amount of sediment carried by rivers is important in several ways. This parameter is effective in design of dimensions and geometric characteristics of flow regulation and diversion structures, reservoir dams as well as pumping stations. In this study, the calculation of flow discharge and bed load of Zaremrood river located in Mazandaran province has been investigated using Shiono and Knight quasi-two-dimensional model. This model is based on the Navier-Stokes continuity and momentum equations and has been simplified by depth averaged concept. For this purpose, using the finite element method, this model was solved numerically and the lateral velocity distribution was calibrated at the Garmrood hydrometric station. Comparison of obtained results by Shiono and Knight model in different flow discharges against measured data indicates the high accuracy of the model for lateral velocity distribution. Then, by using the computed lateral velocity distribution, the distribution of bed load across the river was simulated. The results showed that among the 17 empirical bed load equations selected in this study, the Duboy formula (1879) has the best accuracy in both one and quasi-two-dimensional modeling cases. In 1D modeling case, this formula with standard deviation of the discrepancy ratio of 0.34 percent had better agreement with the measured bed load in comparison to the Frijlink (1952) and Meyer-Peter and Mueller (1948) equations with the standard deviation of 3.46 and 7.32 percent, respectively. In 2D modeling bed load transport, the root mean square error (RMSE) was obtained 7.45, 98.8 and 172.9 for three equations of Duboy, Frijlink and Meyer-Peter and Mueller, respectively which indicates that only Duboy formula has an acceptable accuracy while Frijlink and Meyer-Peter and Mueller equations have large errors. The results also showed that the bed load transport in quasi-two-dimensional model using Duboy equation is more accurate than one-dimensional case.

Keywords

References

Ackers, P. (1992). Hydraulic design of two-stage channels. Engrs. Wat. Marit. And Energy, 96: 247-257.
Aybar, A. (2012). Computational modeling of free surface flow in intake structures using FLOW-3D software. MSc. Thesis, Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Turkey.
Ayyoubzadeh, S. A. (1997).Hydraulic aspects of straight-compound channel flow and bed load sediment transport. Ph. D.dissertation, University of Birmingham, U.K.
Bousmar, D. (2002). Flow modelling in compound channels. Momentum transfer between main channel and prismatic or non-prismatic floodplains. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Cath. de Louvain, Belgium.
Chonwattana, S., Weesakul, S., and Vongvisessomjai, S. (2007). 3D numerical modeling of morphological change between fishtail groins. Proceedings of the 30th Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering, San Diego, California, USA, 3178-3183.
Da Silva, A.M. (2006). On why and how do rivers meander. Journal of HydraulicResearches, IAHR, 44(5), 579-590. 
Darby, E.S. (1998). Modelling width adjustment in straight alluvial channels. Journal of Hydrological Processes, 12(8), 1299-1321.
Ervine, D. A., Babaeyan-Koopaei, K. and Sellin, R. H. J. (2000). Two-dimensional solution for straight and meandering overbank flows. Journal of HydraulicEngineering, ASCE, 126(9), 653-669.
Eslami, S., Van Rijn, L.C., Walstra, D.J., Luijendijk, A.J., and Stive, M.J.F. (2010). A numerical study on design of coastal groins. In: Burns, S.E., Bhatia, S.K., Avila, C.M.C., and Hunt, B.E. (Hg.): Proceedings of 5th Int. Conf. on Scour and Erosion (ICSE-5), San Francisco, USA. 501-510.
Fenton, J. (2016). Hydraulics: science, knowledge, and culture. Journal of Hydraulic Researches, 54 (5), 485-501.
Fernandes, J.N., Leal, J.B., and Cardoso, A.H. (2014). Improvement of the lateral distribution method based on the mixing layer theory. Advances in Water Resources, 69, 159–167.
Gessler, D., Hall, B., Spasojevic, M. and Holly, F. (1999). Application of 3D mobile bed, Hydrodynamic Model. Journal of HydraulicEngineering, ASCE, 125(7),
Gholinejad, J., Zahiri. A., and Dehghani, A.  (2018). Simulation of lateral distribution of total load sediment transport in rivers using a quasi two-dimensional mathematical model (Case Study: Gharehsoo river). Journal of Water Resources Engineering, 11(38), 83-93.
Haddadchi, A., Omid, M.H., and Dehghani, A.A. (2013). Bedload equation analysis using bed load-material grain size. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 61(3), 241-249.
Khosronejad, A., Rennie, C., Salehi Neyshabouri, S.A.A., and Townsend, R.D. (2007). 3D numerical modeling of flow and sediment transport in laboratory channel bends. Journal of HydraulicEngineering, ASCE, 133(10), 11-23.
Knight, D.W. (2003). Reducing uncertainty in river flood conveyance. Interim Report 2:Review of Methods for Estimating Conveyance, Environment Agency, UK, 73p.
Knight, D.W., Shiono, K., and Pirt, J. (1989). Prediction of depth mean velocity and discharge in natural rivers with overbank flow. Int. Con. on Hydraulics and Environmental Modeling of Coastal, Estuarine and River Waters, England, 419-428.
Kordi, H., Amini, R., Zahiri, A., and Kordi, E. (2015). Improved Shiono and Knight method for overflow modeling. Journal of HydraulicEngineering, ASCE, 20(12), 1-10.
Lai, Y., and Wu, K. (2019). Three-dimensional flow and sediment transport model for free-surface open channel flows on unstructured flexible meshes. Fluids, 4(18), 1-19.
Lambert, M.F., and Sellin, R.H.J. (1996). Discharge prediction in straight compound channels using the mixing length concept. Journal of Hydraulicresearches, IAHR, 34: 381-394.
Montaseri, H. and Asiaei, H. (2014). Validating of SSIIM 3D Model for flow field simulation in a U shape channel bend with intake. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 21(4), 29-53.
Omara, H., Elsayed, S.M., Abdeelaal, G.M., Abd-Elhamid,  H.F., and Tawfik, A. (2019). Hydromorphological numerical model of the local scour process around bridge piers. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 44, 4183–4199.
Sheikhpoor, H., (2014). Measuring the bed load and suspended load of Zalemarood river in Garmrood station and determining their ratio during the water year, Research project of Mazandaran Regional Water Company. (In Farsi)
Shiono, K. and Knight, D. W. (1991).Turbulent open-channel flows with variabledepth  across the  channel. Journal ofFluidMechanics, 222: 617-646.
Singh, C.B., and Ghosh, L.K. (2000). Application of 3D mobile bed, hydrodynamic model. Journal of HydraulicEngineering, 126(11), 858–860.
Unal, B., Mamak, M., Seckin, G., and Cobaner, M. (2010). Comparison of an ANN approach with 1-D and 2-D methods for estimating discharge capacity of straight compound channels. Advances in Engineering Software, 41: 120-129.
Wark, J.B., Samuels, P.G. and Ervine, D.A. (1990). A practical method of estimating velocity and discharge in compound channels. Int. Conf. on River Flood Hydraulics, London, 163-172.
Zahiri, A., Ayyoubzadeh, S. A. and Dahanzadeh, B. (2010). Numerical solution of velocity lateral distribution in rivers (Case study: Karoun river at Molasani station), Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 16 (2), 273-283.(In Farsi)
Zahiri. A. (2018). Simulation of flow and sediment transport in river bends (Case study: Karoun river). Journal ofIrrigation Engineering, 41(2), 1-17.(In Farsi)
Zahiri. A., Gholinejad, J., and Dehghani, A.  (2019). Prediction of sediment transport capacity in rivers using quasi two- dimensional mathematical model. Journal ofWatershed Management Research, 10(19), 142-153.(In Farsi)
 
 
 
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
Volume 52, Issue 7
October 2021
Pages 1853-1868

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics