Experimental Study of the Solute Transport towards Groundwater and Surface Water

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Previous M.Sc student, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract

The study of infiltrated solutes and their pathways toward the rivers is very important in water quality studies of rivers and groundwaters well as the management of fertilizers and pesticides in the farms. In this research, the transport of infiltrated solutes toward the connected groundwater and surface water was experimentally studied. The concentration of solutes and the discharges were measured separately in the groundwater and surface water, using a creative modification in the current experimental model of 150 cm length, 70 cm high and 20 cm width. Potassium permanganate was used to observe the pollutant cloud movement and sodium chloride was used to measure the amount of transported solute. Potassium permanganate was injected in places of 15, 35, and 55 cm far from the river while NaCl was injected in places of 15, 35, and 65 cm far from the river. In all experiments, the hydraulic head difference was 33 mm in the model. The tracer study showed that the capillary zone affects solute transport and the tracer starts to move horizontally above the groundwater table. When the NaCl injection starts, due to changes in the boundary condition, the river discharge decreases while the groundwater discharge increases. Continuous measurement of EC in groundwater and surface water showed that the river is affected more than the groundwater by receiving 60% of the injected salt.

Keywords

References

Abit, S. M., Amoozegar, A., Vepraskas, M. J., and Niewoehner, C. P. (2008). “Solute transport in the capillary fringe and shallow groundwater: Field evaluation.” Vadose Zone Journal, Soil Science Society, 7(3), 890–898.
Ebrahimi, K., Falconer, R. A., and Lin, B. (2007). “Flow and solute fluxes in integrated wetland and coastal systems.” Environmental Modelling and Software, 22(9), 1337–1348.
Eltarabily, M. G. A., and Negm, A. M. (2015). “Numerical Simulation of Fertilizers Movement in Sand and Controlling Transport Process via Vertical Barriers.” International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 6(8), 559–565.
Fleckenstein, J. H., Krause, S., Hannah, D. M., and Boano, F. (2010). “Groundwater-surface water interactions: New methods and models to improve understanding of processes and dynamics.” Advances in Water Resources, 33(11), 1291–1295.
Krause, S., Boano, F., Cuthbert, M. O., Fleckenstein, J. H., and Lewandowski, J. (2014). “Understanding process dynamics at aquifer-surface water interfaces: An introduction to the special section on new modeling approaches and novel experimental technologies.” Water Resources Research, 50(2), 1847–1855.
Mahdavi Mazdeh, A., and Wohnlich, S. (2019). “Experimental study on velocity and flow patterns in the capillary fringe.” Grundwasser, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 24(1) 65-72.
Naganna, S. R., Deka, P. C., Ch, S., and Hansen, W. F. (2017).  “Factors influencing streambed hydraulic conductivity and their implications on stream–aquifer interaction: a conceptual review.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 24(32), 24765–24789.
Puckett, L. J., and Hughes, W. B. (2005). “Transport and Fate of Nitrate and Pesticides.” Journal of Environment Quality, 34(6), 2278.
Puckett, L. J., Zamora, C., Essaid, H., Wilson, J. T., Johnson, H. M., Brayton, M. J., and Vogel, J. R. (2008). “Transport and Fate of Nitrate at the Ground-Water/Surface-Water Interface.” Journal of Environment Quality, 37(3), 1034.
Sheibani, F. and Hamdi Pour, M. (2015). Investigation on Ground water-surface water interaction in Bostan-Abad, 9th Conference in Environment World Day, University of Tehran, Iran.
Simmons, C. T., Pierini, M. L., and Hutson, J. L. (2002). “Laboratory investigation of variable-density flow and solute transport in unsaturated - Saturated porous media.” Transport in Porous Media, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 47(2), 215–244.
Sophocleous, M. (2002). “Interactions between groundwater and surface water: The state of the science.” Hydrogeology Journal, 10(1), 52–67.
Spanoudaki, K., Bockelmann-evans, B., Schaefer, F., Kampanis, N., Stamou, A., and Falconer, R. (2015). “Experimental and numerical modelling of surface water-groundwater flow and pollution interactions under tidal forcing.” EGU General Assembly 2015, 2012–2013.
Sparks, T. D., Bockelmann-Evans, B. N., and Falconer, R. a. (2013). “Laboratory Validation of an Integrated Surface Water— Groundwater Model.” Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 05(04), 377–394.
Stefania, G. A., Rotiroti, M., Fumagalli, L., Simonetto, F., Capodaglio, P., Zanotti, C., and Bonomi, T. (2018). “Modeling groundwater/surface-water interactions in an Alpine valley (the Aosta Plain, NW Italy): the effect of groundwater abstraction on surface-water resources.” HydrogeologyJournal, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 26(1) 147-162.
Tang, Q., Kurtz, W., Schilling, O. S., Brunner, P., Vereecken, H., and Hendricks Franssen, H. J. (2017). “The influence of riverbed heterogeneity patterns on river-aquifer exchange fluxes under different connection regimes.” Journal of Hydrology, 554.
Wang, H., Gao, J., Li, X., Zhang, S., and Wang, H. (2015). “Nitrate Accumulation and Leaching in Surface and Ground Water Based on Simulated Rainfall Experiments.” Plos One, 10(8), e0136274.
Xie, Y., Cook, P. G., Shanafield, M., Simmons, C. T., and Zheng, C. (2016). “Uncertainty of natural tracer methods for quantifying river-aquifer interaction in a large river.” Journal of Hydrology, Elsevier, 535, 135–147.
Yi, P., Luo, H., Chen, L., Yu, Z., Jin, H., Chen, X., Wan, C., Aldahan, A., Zheng, M., and Hu, Q. (2018). “Evaluation of groundwater discharge into surface water by using Radon-222 in the Source Area of the Yellow River, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.” Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Elsevier, 192, 257–266.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
Volume 51, Issue 4
July 2020
Pages 961-974

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics