ارزیابی چند عصاره‌گیر شیمیایی جهت تعیین روی قابل استفاده نهال‎های پسته در برخی از خاک‌های آهکی رفسنجان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناس ارشد گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان

2 عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک

3 عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان

چکیده

بخش وسیعی از خاک‌های دنیا از جمله ایران، جزء خاک‌های آهکی بوده که در آن‌ به دلیل pH بالا و تثبیت بسیاری از عناصر غذایی کم‌ مصرف از جمله روی، کمبود این عناصر مشاهده می‌شود. مقدار روی کل خاک اطلاعات زیادی درباره‌ مقدار قابل استفاده‌ آن برای گیاهان نمی‌دهد، بنابراین قابلیت استفاده روی در 28 خاک آهکی با دامنه وسیعی از ویژگی‎های فیزیکی و شیمیایی با عصاره‎گیرهای DTPA-CaCl2 ،  EDTA-NH4OAc، DTPA-NH4HCO3، EDTA ، DTPA-NaOAc و Mehlich3 بر روی نهال‎های پسته به‎عنوان گیاه آزمایشی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. آزمایش به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار و 28 نوع خاک در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که ترتیب توانایی عصاره‎گیرها در استخراج روی به صورت زیر بود:
 Mehlich3 > DTPA-NaOAc > EDTA> EDTA-NH4OAc > DTPA-CaCl2 = DTPA-NH4HCO3
استفاده از معادلات رگرسیونی چند متغیره نشان داد که مقدار روی استخراج شده از خاک توسط عصاره‌گیرهای مورد استفاده به ویژگی‎های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک از قبیل درصد رس، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی و کربنات کلسیم معادل بستگی داشت. بین غلظت و جذب روی برگ و ساقه و روی استخراج شده توسط عصاره‌گیرهای مورد استفاده همبستگی معنی‌داری وجود داشت. به‎طوری‎که مقدار روی استخراج شده به‎وسیله DTPA-NH4HCO3 بالاترین همبستگی معنی‎دار (**634/0R= ) را با غلظت روی در برگ نهال‎های پسته داشت، بنابراین عصاره‎گیر DTPA-NH4HCO3 می‎تواند برای ارزیابی روی قابل استفاده پسته در خاک‎های آهکی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Some Chemical Extractants for Determination of Available Zinc for Pistachio Seedlings in Some Calcareous Soils of Rafsanjan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sima Babaei Bafghi 1
  • Ahmad Tajabadi Pour 2
  • Isa Esfandira poor Brojeni 3
1
2
3
چکیده [English]

Vast parts of the world soils including Iran have calcareous soils in which due to the high pH and fixation of many micronutrients including zinc (Zn), the deficiency of these nutrients are seen. Total Zn content in soils does not give any information about it’s availability to plants. Therefore, available zinc in 28 calcareous soils with a wide range of physical and chemical properties was evaluated with DTPA-CaCl2, EDTA-NH4OAc, DTPA-NaOAc, DTPA-NH4HCO3, EDTA and Mehlich3 on pistachio seedling as a test plant. Experiment was done as a completely randomized design with three replications and 28 soil types under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that the ability extractants to extract zinc are as follows: Mehlich3 > DTPA-NaOAc > EDTA> EDTA-NH4OAc > DTPA-CaCl2 = DTPA-NH4HCO3. Use of multiple regression equations showed that amount extractability of Zn by some extractants from the soil by some of the physical and chemical properties soil, such as clay, CEC and CCE was dependent. There was a significant correlation between concentration and uptake zinc of the leaves and stem and extractability of Zn by the extractants . So that the amount of zinc extracted by DTPA-NH4HCO3 highest correlation (R= 0.634**) with the concentration zinc of pistachio seedlings leaf, so extractant DTPA-NH4HCO3 can be used to evaluate available zinc the pistachio in calcareous soils.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Calcareous soil
  • Chemical Extractants
  • pistachio
  • Zinc
Alipour, H. and Hosseinifard, J. (2006) Diagnose and suppression of the nutrient deficiency in pistachio. Pistachio Research Institute of Iran, Rafsanjan. (In Farsi)
Alison, L. E. and Moodie, C. D. (1965). Carbonate. In C. A. Black et al. (Eds.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part II. (PP. 1379-1396). American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsim.
Alloway, B. J. (2004). Zinc in soils and crops nutrition. International zinc association (IZA), Brussels, Belgium.
Alvarez, G. M., Lopez-Valdivia, L. M., Novillo, J., Obrador, A. and Rico, M. I. (2005). Comparison of EDTA and sequential extraction tests for phitoavailability prediction of manganese and zinc in agricultural alkaline soils. Geoderma, 132,450-463.
Banaei, M. H., Moameni, A., Bybordi, M. and Malakouti, M. J. (2005). Soils of Iran: New achievements in perception,       management, and use. Soil and Water Research Iinstitute. Ministry of Jihad -e-Agriculture. Sana Publication Co. (In Farsi)
Basar, H. (2005). Methods for estimating soil iron availability to chlorotic peach trees. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36, 1187-1198.
Bouyoucos, G. J. (1951). A recalibration of hydrometer method for making mechanical analysis of soil. Agronomy Journal, 43, 434-438.
Cancela, R. C., Abreu, C. A. and Paz-Gonzalez, A. (2002). DTPA and Mehlich3 micronutrient extractibility in natural Soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 33, 2879-2893.
Ceylan, S., Soya, H., Budak, B., Akdemir, H. and Colak Esetlili, B. (2009). Effect of zinc on yield and some related traits of alfalfa. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 14, 136-143.
Chapman, H. D. (1965). Cation exchange capacity. In: Black, C.A. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part II. (pp. 891-900). American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin.
Dolar, S. G. and Keeney, D. R. (1971). Availability of copper, zinc and manganese in soils. Chemical extractability. Journal of the Food and Agriculture, 22, 273-278.
Falatah, A. M., Modaihsh, A. S., Al-Mustafa, W. A. and Mahjoub, M. O. (1998). Evaluation of some chemical extractants for testing Zn availability to barely grown on calcareous soil. Agriculture Science, 10, 85-97.
Feng, M. H., Shan, X. Q., Zhang, S. Z. and Wen, B. (2005). Comparison of a rhizosphere-based method with other one step extraction methods for assessing the bioavailability of soil metals to wheat. Chemosphere, 59, 939-949.
Ferguson, L., Poss, J. A., Grattan, S. R., Grieve, C. M., Wang, D., Wilson, C. and Donovan Chao, C. T. (2002). Pistachio rootstocks influence scion growth and ion relations under salinity and boron stress. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 127, 194-199.
Finzgar, N., Tlustos, P. and Lestan, D. (2007). Relationship of soil properties to fractionation, bioavailability and mobility of lead and zinc in soil. Plant, Soil and Environment, 53, 225-238.
Fuentes, A., Llorens, M., Saez, J., Soler, A., Aguilar, M., Ortuno, J. F. and Meseguer, V. F. (2004). Simple and sequential extractions of heavy metals from different sewage sludges. Chemosphere, 54, 1039-1047.
Garcia, A., De Iorio, A. F., Barros, M., Bargieta, M. and Rendina, A. (1997). Comparison of soil tests to determine micronutrients status in Argentina soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 28, 1777-1792.
Gupta, A. K. and Sinha, S. (2007). Assessment of single extraction methods for the prediction of bioavailability of metals to Brassica juncea L. Czern. (var. Vaibhav) grown on tannery waste contaminated soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 149, 144-150.
Hammer, D. and Keller, C. (2002). Changes in the rhizosphere of metal accumulating plants evidenced by chemical extractants. Journal of Environmental Quality, 31(5), 1561-1569.
Hosseinpur, A. and Motaghian, H. R. (2014). Effect of sewage sludge application and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) planting on availability and fractionation of zinc in some calcareous soils. Journal of Water and Soil, 27(6), 1100-1110.(In Farsi)
Imtiaz, M. (1999). Zn deficiency in cereals. PhD Thesis, Reading University, U.K
Isaac, R. A. (1983). Reference soil test methods for the Southern region of the United States. Southern Cooprative Series Bulletin 289. Georgia Experiment Stations, Athens, GA.
Jackson, M. L. (1975) Soil chemical analysis, advanced course. University of Wisconsin, College of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, Madison, Wisconsim., U.S.A.
Karimian, N. and Yasrebi, A. (1997). Extractability of previously applied zinc as influenced by properties of calcareous soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 28, 1323-1331.
Khan, M. A. R., Bolan, N. S. and Mackay, A. D. (2005). Soil test to predict the copper availability in pasture soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36, 2601-2624.
Korboulewsky, N. Dupouyet, S. and Bonin, G. (2002). Environmental risk of applying sewage sludge compost to vineyards: Carbon, heavy metals, nitrogen and phosphorous accumulation. Journal of Environmental Quality, 31, 1522-1527.
Lindsay, W. L. and Norvell, W. A. (1978). Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 42, 421-428.
Liu, Z. (1991). Characterization of content and distribution of microelements in soils of China. In: Portch, S. (Ed.), International Symposium on Role of Sulphur, Magnesium, and Micronutrients in Balanced Plant Nutrition, Potash and Phosphate Institute of Canada, Hong Kong, China . (pp. 54–61).
Maftoun, M., Haghighat­Nia, H. and Karimian, N. (2003). Evaluation of chemical extractants for predicting lowland rice response of zinc in highly calcareous soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 34, 1269-1280.
Malakouti, M. J. (2007). Zinc is a neglected element in the life cycle of plants: A review. Middle Eastern and Russian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, 1, 1-12.
Malakouti, M. J. and Davoudi, M. H (2003). Zinc in agriculture a forgotten element in the life cycle of plant, animal and human. Deputy Horticultural.Affairs, Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture. Sana Publication Co. (In Farsi)
Malakouti, M. J., Keshavarz, P. and Karimian, N. A. (2008). A comprehensiveapprochtowardsidentification nutrients deficiencies and optimal fertilization for sustainable agriculture. Tarbiat Modares University Publication. (In Farsi)
Mehlich, A. (1953). Determination of P, Ca, Mg, K, Na and NH4. North Carolina soil test division Mineo, Raleigh, NC.
Mehlich, A. (1984). Mehlich3 soil test extractant: A modification of Mehlich2 extractant. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 15, 1409-1416.
Milani, N., Fotovat, A. and Keshavarz, P. (2005). Comparison of six extractants for evaluation of zinc avaiability for wheat and zinc critical concentration in a greenhouse study in some soils of Khorasan province. In: Proceedings of 9th Soil Science Congress of Iran, 26-28 August. Tehran. PP. 429-430 (In Farsi)
Mirjalili, A. (2015). Laboratory and greenhouse evaluation of some chemical extractants for estimating of available copper for pistachio in some calcareous soils of Rafsanjan. MSc Thesis. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan. (In Farsi)
Motaghian, H. R. and Hosseinpur, A. (2013). Assessment of several extractants for the determination of zinc bioavailability to bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in calcareous soils amended and unamended with sewage sludge. Journal of Water and Soil, 27(4), 742-752. (In Farsi)
Myers, R. G, Sharply, A. N. and Pierzynski, G. M. (2005). Ion sink phosphorus extraction methods applied on 24 soils from the continental USA. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 56,511-521.
Naik, S. S. and Das, D. (2010). Evaluation of various zinc extractants in lowland rice soils under the influence of zinc sulphate and chelated zinc. Communications in SoilScience and Plant Analysis, 41, 122–134.
Nascimento, C. W. A., Melo, E. E. C., Nascimento, R. S. M. P. and Leite, P. V. V. (2007). Effect of liming on the plant availability and distribution of zinc and copper among soil fractions. Communications in SoilScience and Plant Analysis, 38, 545-560.
Olsen, S.R., Cole, C. V., Watanabe, F. S. and Dean, L. A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorous in soil by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA Circ. 939, U.S. Govern. Print. Office, Washington, D. C., U.S.A.
Peck, T. R. and Soltanpour, P. N. (1990). The principle of soil testing. In: Westrman, R. L. (Ed.), Soil Testing and Plant Analysis. (pp. 1-9). SSSA. Madison. Wisconsin, USA.
Poorbafrani, T. (2014). Laboratory and greenhouse evaluation of some chemical extractants for estimating of available Manganese for pistachio in some calcareous soils of Rafsanjan. MSc Thesis. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan. (In Farsi)
Pradhan, A. K., Beura, K. S., Das, R., Padhan, D., Hazra, G. C., Mandal, B., De, N., Mishra, V. N., Polara, K. B. and Sharma, S. (2015). Evaluation of extractability of different extractants for zinc and copper in soils under long-term fertilization. Plant Soil and Environment, 5, 227-233.
Prasad, R. and Sakal, P. (1992). Extractability of applied zinc from calcareous soil as related to certain soil properties. Journal of Research Brisa Agricaltural University, 4(1), 43-46.
Rahman, M. A., Jahiruddin, M., and Islam, M. R. (2007). Critical limit of zinc for rice in calcareous soils. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 5(1-2): 43-47.
Richards, L. A. (1954) Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. U.S.D.A. Handbook, 60. Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
Safari, A. (2012). Evaluation the relationship between the concentration of some micronutrients in the soil extracted by chemical extractants and concentrations of these elements in pistachio trees in Rafsanjan. MSc Thesis. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture Science, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan. (In Farsi)
Sahuquillo, A., Rigol, A. and Rauret, G. (2003). Overview of the use of leaching/extraction tests for risk assessment of trace metals in contaminated soils and sediments. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 22(3), 152-159.
Singh, K. Shukla, U. and Karwasra, S. (1987). Chemical assessment of the zinc status of the semiarid region of India. Fertilizer Research, 13, 191-197.
Soltanpour, P. N. and Schwab, A. P. (1977). A new soil test for simultaneous extraction of macro-and micro-nutrients in alkaline soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 8, 195-207.
Takrattanasaran, N., Chanchareonsook, J., Thongpae, S. and Sarobol, E. (2010). Evaluation of Mehlich3 and ammonium bicarbonate-DTPA extractants for prediction of available zinc in calcareous soils in center Thailand. Kasetsart Journal (Natural Science), 44, 824-829.
Tavallali, V., Rahemi, M. and Panahi, B. 2008. Calcium induces salinity tolerance in pistachio rootstocks. Fruits, 63, 201-208.
Udo, E.J., Bhon, L. H. and Tukker, T. C. (1970). Zinc adsorption by calcareous soils. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 34,405-407.
Viro, P. J. (1955). Use of the ethylenediammine tetra-acetic acid in soil analysis. 1. Experimental. Soil Science, 79,459-469.
Vocasek, F. F. and Friedericks, J. B. (1994). Soil micronutrient extraction by Mehlich3 compared to CaCl2-DTPA. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 25, 1583-1593.
Wolf, B. (1982). An improved universal extracting solution and its use for diagnosing soil fertility. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 13:1005-1033.
Walworth, J. L., Gavalk, R. G. and Panciera, M. T. (1992). Mehlich3 extractant for determination of available B, Cu, Mn and Zn in Cryic Alaskan soils. Canadian Journal Soil Science, 72, 517-526.
Zar, J. H. (1996) Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice- Hall International INC., USA.