بررسی گونه های مختلف قارچ های میکوریزی بر افزایش کارایی گیاه درمانی خاک های آلوده به فلزات سنگین با استفاده از دو گیاه ذرت و آفتابگردان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات بیولوژی خاک

2 کارشناس ارشد آزمایشگاه بیولوژی خاک/ موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب

3 کارشناس ارشد آزمایشگاه بیولوژِ خاک/ موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب

4 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد/ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج

چکیده

یکی از روش‌های پاک‌سازی خاک­های آلوده به عناصر سنگین روش گیاه‌پالایی یعنی کشت گیاهان بیش انباشتگر در این نوع خاک­ها می­باشد که بسیاری از آن­ها میزبان‌های خوبی برای قارچ‌های میکوریز آربسکولار می باشند. به منظور بررسی کارایی همزیستی میکوریزی در افزایش جذب عناصر معدنی مورد نیاز گیاه و همچنین جذب عناصر سنگین، آزمایشی گلخانه‌ای با کشت دو گیاه بیش انباشتگر ذرت و آفتابگردان در خاک حاوی غلظت‌های بالایی از عناصر آلاینده کروم، نیکل و کادمیوم به انجام رسید که در آن از تیمارهای مختلف قارچی، حاوی قارچ‌های Glomusmosseae ، G intraradices ، G etunicatumوG sp و همچنین یک تیمار شاهد بدون قارچ در 5 تکرار استفاده گردید. نتایج حاصله نشان داد که در کشت هردو گیاه ذرت و آفتابگردان، استفاده از قارچ‌های میکوریزی از طریق افزایش درصد کلنیزاسیون ریشه، رشد اندام هوایی گیاه را افزایش داده‌اند و در نتیجه جذب عناصر معدنی کم مصرف و پر مصرف در اندام هوایی هر دو گیاه به صورت معنی‌دار افزایش یافته است. تیمار قارچی (T4) حاوی دو گونه قارچ Glomus mosseae و G intraradices در همزیستی با گیاه ذرت بالاترین کارایی را برای افزایش جذب سه عنصر آلاینده کادمیوم، نیکل و کروم داشت به‌گونه‌ای که جذب این سه عنصر در اندام هوایی گیاه ذرت را به ترتیب به میزان 57/1، 79/3 و 18/4 میکروگرم در هر گلدان افزایش داد؛ و در همزیستی با گیاه آفتابگردان همین تیمار قارچی توانست جذب دو عنصر کادمیوم و نیکل در اندام هوایی گیاه آفتابگردان را به ترتیب به میزان 21/0 و 23/0 میکروگرم در گلدان افزایش دهد. در نهایت چنانچه از این دو گیاه برای پاک‌سازی خاک‌های آلوده استفاده گردد، تلقیح با دو گونه mosseae G و G intraradices قابل توصیه می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Use of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi for more effective bioremediation of contaminated soil using both corn and sunflower

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farhad Rejali 1
  • Ashraf IsmailiZad 2
  • Mahdie Shamshiri poor 3
  • Mona Saberi 4
1 Scientific Staff of Soil Biology Department
2
3
4
چکیده [English]

One of the method to clean up contaminated soil is growing a hyper accumulator plant which is named phytoremediation. Some of  hyper accumulator plants are proper host for mycorrhizal fungi.In this relationship, fungus, consume a part of organic carbon from the plant and by developing its mycelium network help plant to uptake more mineral nutrients from the soil. By doing a greenhouse research tried to determine the mycorrhizal efficiency to increase plant ability in mineral nutrient and heavy metal uptake from a contaminated soil with a high level of Cr, Ni  and Cd .In this exam two hyper accumulator plants , sunflower and corn and also 4 species of mycorrhizal fungi, including, Glomus mosseae , Glomus intraradices ,Glomus etunicatum and Glomus sp and one treatment without fungi as blank, with 5 replications per treatment were used. Results showed that mycorrhizal inoculation in two plants , sunflower and corn by increasing mycorrhizal colonization enhanced aerial part growth of plant and also macro and micro nutrient uptake. T4 treatment, including G.mosseae and G.intraradices in corn growth had the highest capacity for Cd, Ni and Cr uptake from the soil, so that it increased the uptake of these three elements in corn stalks react, 1.57, 3.79 and 4.18 micrograms per pot. In sunflower this treatment was able to increase Cd and Ni uptake, react 0.21 and 0.23 micrograms per pot. Finally if we want to use these two plants for phytoremediation, the use of these two fungi will be proposed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Phytoremediation
  • Mycorrhizal symbiosis
  • Corn
  • Sunflower and Heavy metals
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