تأثیر کاربری‏های زراعی و جنگلی بر فعالیت برخی آنزیم‌های خاک‏

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه ارومیه دانشکده کشاورزی-گروه علوم خاک

2 گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

در این تحقیق تأثیر کاربری‏های زراعی، باغی و جنگلی بر فعالیت برخی آنزیمهای خاک‏ مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تعداد 75 نمونه خاک سطحی از کاربری‌های مختلف برداشت و فعالیت آنزیم‌های فسفاتاز اسیدی و قلیایی، اوره‌آز و دهیدروژناز با استفاده از واکنش با سوبسترای ویژه اندازه‌گیری گردید. نتایج نشان داد که فعالیت آنزیم‏های فسفاتاز قلیایی و اسیدی در کاربری جنگلی (به ترتیب 3/582 و 2/344 میکروگرم pNP بر گرم در یک ساعت) بیشتر از باغی و در کاربری زراعی کمترین مقدار بود. در مقابل آنزیم اور‏ه‏آز در کاربری زراعی فعالیت بالایی (4/84 میکروگرم آمونیوم آزاد شده بر گرم در دو ساعت) را نشان داد که احتمالاً از کاربرد بالای کود اوره در زمین‏های زراعی ناشی می‏شود. فعالیت آنزیم دهیدروژناز در کاربری جنگلی (2/7 میکروگرم TPF بر گرم در 24 ساعت) از نظر آماری بالاتر از زراعی بود. نتایج ارزیابی شاخص کیفیت خاک (SQI) نشان داد فعالیت آنزیم‏های فسفاتاز اسیدی و دهیدروژناز، کربن آلی، pH و فسفر قابل استفاده به عنوان MDS بیشترین تأثیر را بر کیفیت خاک‏های مورد مطالعه نشان دادند. SQI در خاک‏های جنگلی (92/1) از نظر آماری بیشتر از کاربری باغی (71/1) و زراعی (41/1) بود. چنین استنباط می‏گردد که نوع کاربری بر فعالیت آنزیمی خاک تأثیر زیادی داشته و عموماً در اکوسیستم‏های دست‏نخورده (جنگل) فعالیت آنزیمی بالاتر است که می‏تواند ناشی از پایداری این اکوسیستم‏ها باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Different Agronomic and Forest Land Uses on Soil Enzyme Activity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Sheikhloo 1
  • Mirhasan Rasouli Sadaghiani 2
1
2
چکیده [English]

The effects of agronomic, orchard and forest land uses on soil enzymes, activities were evaluated in West Azarbaijan. About 75 soil surface samples were collected from the different studied land use area in which soil enzyme activities including Acid Phosphatase (ACP), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), urease and dehydrogenase were assessed employing substrate-reaction methods. Results revealed that ALP and ACP activities in the forest type land use (344.3 and 582.3 µg pNP/g.h, respectively) amounted to higher than in orchard ones, followed by agronomic land uses. However, urease enzyme in agronomic type land use (84.4µg NH4+-N/g.2h) showed higher activity uses which can be resulted from high urea application on the agronomic farms. Dehydrogenase activity in the forest (7.2 µg TPF/g.24h) was significantly higher than that in the agronomic land use. Assessment of soil quality index (SQI) showed ACP and dehydrogenase, OC, pH, available phosphorous as MDS had the highest effect on the studied soils, quality among the evaluated properties. SQI in forest land use (1.92) was significantly higher than that in orchard (1.71) and agronomic (1.41) land uses. It is understood that land use exerts high effect on soil enzyme activity and typically in intact ecosystems (forest) soil enzyme activity is high which can be thought as related to sustainability of these ecosystems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil enzymes
  • orchard
  • Forest
  • agronomic land use
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