تاثیر کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک و سولفات روی بر صفات کمی و کیفی زیره سبز تحت رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 1. گروه زراعت و اصلاخ نباتات، واحد نراق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نراق، ایران

2 گروه زراعت، واحد ساوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، ساوه، ایران

3 هیات علمی پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

4 دانشیار، بخش منابع طبیعی،مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، ،سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک و سولفات روی بر صفات کمی و اسانس زیره سبز تحت رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی شرکت کشت و صنعت فتح المبین کاشان اجرا گردید. آبیاری در سه سطح شامل آبیاری پس از 70، 100 و 130 میلی‌متر تبخیر تجمعی از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A (به ترتیب به عنوان شاهد، تنش ملایم و شدید) در کرت‌های اصلی، اسید سالیسیلیک در  دو سطح (کاربرد محلول یک میلی‌مولار و عدم کاربرد) و کود سولفات روی در سه سطح (صفر، 30 و 60 کیلوگرم در هکتار به صورت خاک کاربرد) در کرت‌های فرعی بصورت فاکتوریل قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش تنش آبی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه کاهش و درصد اسانس زیره سبز افزایش یافت. عملکرد دانه در تیمارهای آبیاری پس از 70، 100 و 130 میلی‌متر تبخیر تجمعی، بترتیب 2659، 19525 و 1009 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک و سولفات روی هم در شرایط شاهد و هم تنش رطوبتی منجر به افزایش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گردید. اگر چه کاربرد تنش ملایم نسبت به شرایط بدون تنش (شاهد)، عملکرد دانه را 6 درصد کاهش داد، ولی با کاربرد همزمان 60 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات روی و اسید سالیسیلیک اثرات خشکی کاهش و عملکرد اسانس 5/6 کیلوگرم در هکتار افزایش یافت. بنابراین و به طور کلی کاربرد تنش آبی ملایم در زیره سبز همراه با کاربرد همزمان 60 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات روی و اسید سالیسیلیک، علاوه بر صرفه جویی 5/21 درصدی در مصرف آب آبیاری، باعث افزایش عملکرد اسانس گردیده و در مقابل کاهش عملکرد دانه نیز ناچیز می‌باشد.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of salicylic acid and zinc sulfate on quality and quantity characters of green cumin (Cuminum cyminum) under different irrigation regimes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Atefeh Jalalzadeh 1
  • Mojtaba Jafar zadeh 2
  • Hamid Dehghanzadeh 3
  • Hossein Zeinali 4
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Naragh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naragh, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy , Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad Unversity, Saveh, Iran
3 Research Division of Natural Resources, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran.
4 Research Division of Natural Resources, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid and zinc sulfate on quality and quantity characters of green cumin (Cuminum cyminum) under different irrigation regimes, a field study was conducted at Fatholmobin Agro industry, Kashan, Iran. A split factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The main plots considered irrigation regimes (irrigation after 70, 100 and 130 mm cumulative evaporation from class A evaporation pan), and sub-plots considered two level of salicylic acid application (control and 1 mM) and three levels of zinc sulfate (control, 30 and 60 Kg.ha-1) as factorial. The results showed that with the increase in the irrigation interval, the yield and yield components decreased and the percentage of cumin essential oil increased. The grain yield in irrigation after 70, 100 and 130 mm cumulative evaporation treatments was 2659, 19525 and 1009 kg/ha, respectively. The application of salicylic acid and zinc sulfate both under control conditions and moisture stress led to an increase in yield and yield components. Although by delay in irrigation from 70 to 100  mm cumulative evaporation from class A evaporation pan, the grain yield decreased by 6%, with the combined application of 60 kg/ha of zinc sulfate and salicylic acid while reducing the effects of drought, the essential oil yield increased by 6.5 kg/ha. It was concluded that by irrigation the cumin after 100 mm cumulative pan evaporation with combined use of 60Kg.ha-1 zinc sulfate and 1 mM salicylic acid, water could be saved by 21.5% while increasing the yield of essential oil, the yield of seeds may decrease slightly under these conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biomass
  • Drought stress
  • Essence percentage
  • Grain yield
  • Number umbel per plant

Effect of salicylic acid and zinc sulfate on quality and quantity characters of green cumin (Cuminum cyminum) under different irrigation regimes

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Iran is one of the best places for the cultivation of medical plants due to its variable climate and geographical location. Since most part of Iran had arid lands and suffering from water deficit, any research focuses on optimizing water efficiency in agriculture would be worth able. Cumin is one of the most valuable agricultural products with high commercial income, grown allover part of Iran. According to the results, the consumption of micronutrients in non-stressed conditions had a greater effect on grain yield, at the same time; the positive effect of micronutrients consumption on crop yield in drought stress conditions is very promising. Salicylic acid is a naturally occurring phenolic compound. Salicylic acid plays an important role in the regulation of plant growth, development, ripening, and defense responses. The role of Salicylic acid in the plant–pathogen relationship has been extensively investigated. In addition to defense responses, Salicylic acid plays an important role in the response to abiotic stresses, including drought, low temperature, and salinity stresses. It has been suggested that Salicylic acid has great agronomic potential to improve the stress tolerance of agriculturally important crops. Zinc is one of the low-consumption essential elements that is absorbed by plants in the form of a divalent cation and has many physiological roles in higher plants. The provision of this element, especially in the conditions of drought stress, creates a special role in protecting the plant against stress.

Materials and methods:

In order to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid and zinc sulfate on quality and quantity characters of green cumin (Cuminum cyminum) under different irrigation regimes a field study was conducted at Fatholmobin Agro industry, Kashan, Iran. A split factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The main plots considered irrigation regimes (irrigation after 70, 100 and 130 mm cumulative evaporation from class A evaporation pan), and sub-plots considered two level of salicylic acid application (control and 1 mM) and three levels of zinc sulfate (control, 30 and 60 Kg/ha) as factorial. Plant height, leaf chlorophyll, number of branch per plant, number of umbel per plant, number seed per umbel, number seed per plant, 1000-grain weight, root length, root dry weight, biological and grain yields, harvest index, essence percentage and essence yields were measured.

Results and discussion:

Result showed that irrigation regimes had the significant effect on plant height, number branch, number umbel in plant, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, essence percentage and essence yield. Irrigation after 70 and 130 mm cumulative evaporation from class A evaporation pan had the highest and lowest plant height, leaf chlorophyll, number branch, 100- grain weight, grain yield and harvest index, and lowest and highest essence percentage, respectively.  Delay in irrigation from 70 to 100 mm cumulative evaporation from class A evaporation pan increased root length, rood dry weight, number umbel per plant, number grain per umbel, number grain per plant, biological yield and essence yield. Application of salicylic acid and zinc sulfate (especially the amount of 60 kg per hectare) either separately or together reduced the effects of drought. 

Conclusions:

It was concluded that by irrigation the cumin after 100 mm cumulative pan evaporation with combined use 60Kg.ha-1 zinc sulfate and 1 mM salicylic acid, water could be saved by 21.5% while increasing the yield of essential oil, the yield of seeds may decrease slightly under these conditions.

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 55، شماره 6
شهریور 1403
صفحه 903-924

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