نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان ، خرم آباد، ایران.
3 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک ،دانشکده کشاورزی ،دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
One of the ways to reduce evaporation from the soil is to use modifiers. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of modifiers with two mixed and surface applications on the rate of evaporation from the soil. This research was carried out in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture of Lorestan University with treatments of wheat straw and cow manure at three levels (zero, 1 and 5% weight). The soil moisture was kept constant for 4 months at the agricultural capacity. The amount of evaporation in June and August 2021 in each pot was measured by weight in two periodes of 10 and 18 days. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the rate of evaporation between the treatments used with surface application and mixture. After the end of evaporation measurement and stopping it in June and August, wheat straw had the lowest evaporation. The use of wheat straw at the level of 5% by weight on the surface in June 4.7 and in August 1.7 times compared to the control treatment had the greatest reduction in evaporation. In addition, the use of modifiers improves the soil structure, which the results of this test show with the highest MWD with the use of a mixture of 5% by weight of wheat straw in the amount of 0.48 mm. Due to the significant difference in the application of modifiers, the surface application of modifiers is recommended to control the rate of evaporation.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Investigating the effect of the method of application of cow manure and wheat straw and stubble, on maintaining soil moisture
EXTENDED ABSTRACT
Our country, Iran, is one of the arid and semi-arid regions of the world with a rainfall amount of one third of the global average. Lack of water is a prominent feature of these areas, which, along with drought and global warming, has dire consequences for agricultural production and food security. In this regard, the use of appropriate methods of plant and animal residue management is one of the important methods that have positive effects on the amount of organic matter and, as a result, on water retention in the soil. For this reason, in many arid and semi arid regions, organic matter is the best amendment to increase the water holding capacity in the soil and improve soil properties. In some areas, these materials are used as surface application or mixed with soil. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigation the effect of the type and method of application of wheat straw and stubble and cow manure on maintaninig soil moisture in greenhouse conditions.
The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse conditions in a factorial fom in the form of a completely randomized block design in 2019. The design treatments included wheat straw and stubble and cow manure at three levels (0, 1 and 5 % weight) in two forms of surface and mixed application with three repetitions. Each of the amendments were added to pots containing 2 kg of soil. Soil moisture was kept constant for 4 months at the agricultural capacity by adding water. In June and August, it took about 18 days for the soil moisture to reach a constant value and there was no significant evaporation. The period of evaporation in June and August was divided into two periods of 10 and 18 days and its data were analyzed. Also, the amount of residual moisture and the stability of soil grains were also measured in the samples.
The results showed that there was no significant difference in the amount of evaporation between the different levels of the treatments with the the application of the mixture, but a significant dofference was observed in the surface application treatments between the different levels of the treatments. The use of wheat staw and stubble at the level of 5% by weight on the surface showed at 4.7 times decrease im June and 1.7 times in August compared to the control treatment. But after the end of evaporation measurmenet and stopping it in both months, wheat staw and stubble had the lowest amount of evaporation and water loss and highest amount of remaining moisture in the soil with 15%. Also, the addition of organic modifiers increased the average weight of grains, although the effect of wheat staw and stubble on increasing the average weight of grain was greater than the cow manure. The obtained results show the effectiveness of using this management strategy in order to increase water storage and reduce evaportion from the soil surface. Due to the significant difference in the use of modifiers, the sufrace application of organic modifiers is recommended to control the rate of evaporation.
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