ارزیابی وضعیت تغذیه‌ای نیشکر به‌روش انحراف از درصد بهینه (DOP) در استان خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تحقیقات به‌زراعی، مؤسسه تحقیقات و آموزش نیشکر خوزستان، اهواز، ایران،

2 گروه تحقیقات به‌زراعی، مؤسسه تحقیقات و آموزش نیشکر خوزستان، اهواز، ایران

3 کشت و صنعت حکیم فارابی، خوزستان، ایران

4 شرکت کشت و صنعت میرزا کوچک خان، خوزستان، ایران

چکیده

تعادل تغذیه‌ای گیاه یکی از مهم‌ترین فاکتورهای مؤثر در  عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاهان است. روش انحراف از درصد بهینه (DOP) یکی از روش‌های مناسب در تفسیر نتایج آنالیز عناصر غذایی در گیاه، نیازهای عناصر غذایی و وضعیت تعادل تغذیه‌ای در گیاهان می‌باشد. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی وضعیت تغذیه‌ای نیشکر با روش انحراف از درصد بهینه در 25 مزرعه کشت جدید (پلنت)، 72 مزرعه بازرویی (راتون) اول و 44 مزرعه بازرویی دوم در کشت و صنعت نیشکر حکیم فارابی خوزستان بود. نمونه‌های برگ از مزارع مورد مطالعه جمع‌آوری شده و غلظت عناصر غذایی نیتروژن (N)، فسفر (P)، پتاسیم (K)، کلسیم (Ca)، منیزیم (Mg)، آهن (Fe)، منگنز (Mn)، روی (Zn) و مس (Cu) اندازه‌گیری شد. برای تفسیر داده‌های غلظت عناصر غذایی و ارزیابی وضعیت تغذیه‌ای نیشکر، مزارع به دو گروه با عملکرد زیاد و  کم تقسیم شدند. سپس نُرم‌های عناصر غذایی، شاخص‌های DOP برای هر یک از عناصر غذایی و شاخص‌ تعادل تغذیه‌ای (∑DOP) محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد در همه مزارع با عملکرد کم، از میان عناصر غذایی پرمصرف، پتاسیم و فسفر و از میان عناصر کم‌مصرف، عناصر آهن و روی به‌ترتیب بیش‌ترین شاخص‌های منفی را داشتند. بر اساس شاخص‌های DOP اولویت‌بندی نیاز عناصر غذایی پرمصرف در مزارع با عملکرد کم کشت جدید، K>P>Mg>Ca>N. در مزارع بازرویی اول K>P>N>Mg>Ca و در مزارع بازرویی دوم P>K>N>Mg>Ca بود. به‌طور کلی شاخص تعادل تغذیه‌ای محاسبه شده برای مزارع نیشکر با عملکرد کم، نشان‌دهنده عدم تعادل عناصر غذایی در نیشکر و کوددهی نامتعادل در این مزارع می‌باشد. بنابراین نیاز است در مزارع نیشکر کوددهی متعادل و بهینه با کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای شیمیایی، آلی و زیستی مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of sugarcane nutritional status by deviation from optimum percentage (DOP) method in Khuzestan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akbar Karimi 1
  • Nematallah Zakavi 2
  • Saeed Safirzadeh 3
  • Hossein Noroozi 1
  • Afshin Ariz 4
1 Department of Agronomy, Khuzestan sugarcane research and training institute, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Department of Agronomy, Khuzestan sugarcane research and training institute
3 Hakim Farabi Agro-Industry CO., Khuzestan, Iran
4 Mirza Kochuk Khan Agro-Industry CO., Khuzestan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Nutritional balance of crops is one of the most important factors which affect the quantitative and qualitative yield of crops. The method of deviation from optimum percentage (DOP) is one of the suitable methods in interpret the results of the nutrients analysis in crops, the nutrients requirements and the nutritional balance status in crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of sugarcane by the DOP method in 25 plant fields, 72 first ratoon fields and 44 second ratoon fields in Hakim Farabi Agro‌Industry Company, Khuzestan province. Leaf samples were collected from studied fields and concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were measured. In order to interpret the nutrient concentration data and assess the nutritional status of sugarcane, the fields were divided into two groups with high and low yield. Then nutrient norms, nutrient DOP indices and nutritional balance index (∑DOP) were calculated. The results indicated that in the low‌yield fields, K and P (as macronutrients) had more negative indices, as well as Fe and Zn (as micronutrients). Based on DOP indices, the order of crop nutrients requirement in low‌yield fields were as K>P>Mg>Ca>N, K>P>N>Mg>Ca and P>K>N>Mg>Ca in plant, first ratoon and second ratoon, respectively. In general, fertilizer inappropriate management resulted to the imbalance of nutritional in sugarcane that it affect sugarcane yield. Therefore, balanced and optimal fertilization with integrated application of chemical, organic and biological fertilizers should be considered in sugarcane fields.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nutritional balance
  • Plant analysis
  • Yield
  • Sugarcane

Evaluation of sugarcane nutritional status by deviation from optimum percentage (DOP) method in Khuzestan province

EXTRACTED ABSTRACT

 

Background

Sugarcane (Saccharum cinarum L.) is a perennial plant and one of the important agricultural and industrial crops that is cultivated on 100 thousand hectares of land with calcareous soils in Khuzestan province. The sugarcane plant needs a lot of nutrients due to its high biomass. Nutritional balance of crops is one of the most important factors which affect the quantitative and qualitative yield of crops. The method of deviation from optimum percentage (DOP) is one of the suitable methods in interpret the results of the nutrients analysis in crops, the nutrients requirements and the nutritional balance status in crops. In this method, the nutritional imbalance in the plant investigated by evaluation of the relationship between the leaf nutrients concentration and its standard value (reference norms), and an order of imbalance is obtained for different nutrient, which is very important from the aspect of plant nutrition management.

Goals

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of sugarcane by the DOP method in 25 plant fields, 72 first ratoon fields and 44 second ratoon fields in Hakim Farabi Agro‌Industry Company, Khuzestan province.

Materials and Methods

 Leaf samples were collected from studied fields and concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were measured. In order to interpret the nutrient concentration data and assess the nutritional status of sugarcane, the fields were divided into two groups with high and low yield. Fields with high yield were used to determine the norms of nutritions. Then nutrient norms, nutrient DOP indices and nutritional balance index (∑DOP) were calculated

Results and Discussion

The results of DOP indices indicated that K index was negative in 90% of the studied low‌yield plant fields. P and K index was negative in 80.6% and 77.7% of the low‌yield first ratoon and 75.4% and 80.7% of the low‌yield first ratoon respectively. The results revealed that in the low‌yield fields, K and P (as macronutrients) had more negative indices, as well as Fe and Zn (as micronutrients). Based on DOP indices, the order of crop macronutrients requirement in low‌yield fields were as K>P>Mg>Ca>N, K>P>N>Mg>Ca and P>K>N>Mg>Ca in plant, first ratoon and second ratoon, respectively. The results of this study showed that the ∑DOP index in all studied sugarcane fields with low yield (plant and ratoons) was greater than zero, which indicates the nutrients in sugarcane. The results showed that in all studied fields there was a negative and significant correlation between sugarcane yield and ∑DOP index, which indicates the effectiveness of the DOP method in evaluating the nutrients status and nutritional balance in sugarcane in this study. Therefore, according to the results of the current research and the consequences of nutritional imbalance on the reduction of sugarcane yield, the approach of balanced and optimal sugarcane nutrition needs to be considered in order to achieve high yield.

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 55، شماره 3
خرداد 1403
صفحه 449-466

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