The effect of combined phosphorus-organic matter fertilizer on the morphological and phytochemical characteristics of Moldavian Balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

Abstract

Nutrients supply, especially phosphorus (P) can improve the growth and the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. This study aims to investigate the morphological, phytochemical characteristics and absorption of phosphorus, magnesium and nitrogen elements by the Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) in the presence of slow-release combined fertilizer of P and organic matter (OM0/P، OM25/P، OM50/P and OM75/P) compared to mono-potassium phosphate (KH2PO4) and the control sample (without P-fertilizer) in a calcareous soil. The presence of leonardite in the struvite composition increased the uptake of P, magnesium and nitrogen elements by the plant compared to the control and KH2PO4 treatments. In addition, the morphological characteristics (dry and wet weight, plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll and number of leaves) and characteristics including a value of P in plant, phenol, flavonoid and FRAP and DPPH antioxidant activity increased with increasing the amount of organic matter in combined fertilizer and the increasing trend was as follows: OM0/P < OM25/P <KH2PO4< OM50/P < OM75/P. The dry weight and value of P in Moldavian balm by application of OM75/P increased by 42 and 78%, respectively, compared to the check treatment. The flavonoid content of the plant increased by 33, 47, 71, 100, and 63%, respectively, compared to the control including OM0/P, OM25/P, OM50/P, OM75/P, and KH2PO4. Therefore, the application of combined fertilizer of P and organic matter as a slow-release-P fertilizer leading to plant availability to nutrients, especially P, as a result improve the phytochemical and morphological characteristics of Moldavian balm in calcareous soils.

Keywords

Main Subjects

The effect of combined fertilizer of phosphorus and organic matter on the morphological and phytochemical characteristics of Moldavian Balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.)

 

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

 

Introduction

Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential nutrients in plants. Suppling of nutrients from different sources of fertilizers can change the growth and the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Recently, the recycle of P from secondary sources such as sewage, as slow-release-fertilizer have been noticed all over the world. The low solubility of P fertilizers in calcareous soils caused a limitation in the supply of plant phosphorus, and the presence of organic matter in the stage of its formation can increase the release of P from its composition. This study purposes to recycle of P from sewage sludge as struvite combined with different amount of organic matter and application of them as P fertilizers. The morphological, phytochemical characteristics and absorption of phosphorus, magnesium and nitrogen elements by the Moldavian Balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) investigated in the presence of four samples of slow-release combined fertilizer of phosphorus and organic matter (OM0/P، OM25/P، OM50/P and OM75/P) compared to mono-potassium phosphate (KH2PO4) and the check sample (without using phosphate fertilizer) in a calcareous soil.

Methods

      The Stuttgart Process method was used to make the combined fertilizer of P and organic matter (OM0/P، OM25/P، OM50/P and OM75/P). Briefly, fertilizers were prepared in molar ratios of NH4+/Mg2+/PO43- 1:1:1 at a pH of 8.5. The experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design in a calcareous soil to investigate the morphological and phytochemical characteristics of Moldavian balm. The morphological characteristics of plants including dry/wet weight, plant height, stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll and number of leaves were measured. Also, the phytochemical characteristics (flavonoid, phenol, DPPH, FRAP) and the values of P, Mg and N nutrients were measured in Moldavian balm in the presence of P-fertilizers treatments.

Results

The results of this study showed that the use of combined fertilizers (OM0/P، OM25/P، OM50/P and OM75/P) and KH2PO4 resulted in a significantly increase in the morphological characteristics (dry and wet weight, plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll and number of leaves) and phytochemical characteristics including phenol, flavonoid and FRAP and DPPH antioxidant activity especially with the high amount of organic matter in combined fertilizer and the increasing trend was as follows: OM0/P < OM25/P <KH2PO4< OM50/P < OM75/P.

Conclusion

The use of combined phosphorus/organic matter fertilizers, especially with a high amount of organic matter, are effective to increase secondary metabolites (phenols and flavonoids), antioxidant activities, and the growth of Moldavian balm in calcareous soils. Further research is also needed to determine the economics of using OM/P components under large scale cultivation of Moldavian balm and different plants in various conditions.

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Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
Volume 55, Issue 3
June 2024
Pages 401-413

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