تاثیر بیوچار و هماتیت بر فراهمی کادمیوم در یک خاک شالیزاری تحت شرایط غرقاب و زهکشی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده علوم ﮐﺸﺎورزی، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﯿﻼن، رشت، ایران

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده علوم ﮐﺸﺎورزی، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﯿﻼن، رشت، ایران.

چکیده

در اراضی شالیزاری چرخه‌های غرقاب و زهکشی ویژگی‌های خاک را تحت تاثیر قرار داده و نقش مهمی در فراهمی کادمیوم ایفا می‌کنند. در این پژوهش اثر بیوچار (B)، هماتیت (H) و کاربرد هم‌زمان آنها (HB) در یک خاک آلوده به کادمیوم بر تغییرات pH، Eh و کادمیوم قابل عصاره‌گیری با کلسیم کلرید در طول یک دوره غرقاب و زهکشی بررسی شد. همچنین بخش‌بندی کادمیوم در پایان دوره انکوباسیون در خاک‌های تیمار شده مطالعه شد. در تمامی تیمارها در طول دوره غرقاب، pH افزایش و با شروع زهکشی کاهش یافت. با شروع غرقاب Eh کاهش یافت و در دوره زهکشی روند افزایشی داشت. کادمیوم قابل عصاره‌گیری با کلسیم کلرید در طول غرقاب روند کاهشی داشت و با شروع زهکشی با شیب ملایمی افزایش و سپس تا پایان دوره زهکشی روند کاهشی نشان داد. اعمال تیمارهای B، H و HB غلظت کادمیوم را در پایان دوره غرقاب به ترتیب 8/16، 5/20 و 7/25 درصد در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد کاهش دادند. همچنین این کاهش در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد در پایان دوره زهکشی به ترتیب 2/18، 1/23 و 2/28 درصد بود. تیمار HB فراهمی کادمیوم را با کاهش سهم کادمیوم در بخش محلول و تبادلی و افزایش سهم آن در بخش‌های آلی و اکسیدهای آهن و منگنز کاهش داد. نتایج نشان داد که اعمال تیمارهای اصلاحی می‌تواند سبب کاهش فراهمی کادمیوم در اراضی شالیزاری و کاهش جذب آن توسط گیاه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of biochar and hematite on cadmium availability in a paddy soil under flooded and drained conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehrzad Seddigh 1
  • Maryam Khalili Rad 2
  • Nasrin Ghorbanzadeh 1
1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran, Iran
2 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Flooding and drainage cycles affect the biological and chemical characteristics of the soil in paddy fields and play an important role in cadmium (Cd) availability. In this study, the effect of biochar (B), hematite (H), and their simultaneous application (HB) on pH, Eh, and calcium chloride extractable Cd was investigated in a Cd-contaminated soil during a flooding and drainage period. Also, the Cd fractionation at the end of the incubation period was studied. The pH value increased during the flooding period and decreased with the beginning of the drainage period. The Eh value decreased from the beginning of the flooding and showed an increasing trend during the drainage period. Calcium chloride extractable Cd decreased during the flooding period, while at the beginning of the drainage increased with a slight slope and followed a decreasing trend up to the end of the drainage period. Cd concentration reduced at the end of the flooding period in the B, H and HB treatments compared to the control by 16.8%, 20.5%, and 25.7%, respectively. Also, the reduction in Cd concentration compared to the control treatment at the end of the drainage period was 18.2, 23.1 and 28.2% respectively. HB treatment reduced the Cd availability by reducing the soluble and exchangeable fractions and increasing organic, iron, and manganese oxides fractions. The results indicated that the application of amendments can reduce Cd availability in paddy fields and its uptake by the rice plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drainage
  • Flooding
  • Fractionation
  • Iron oxide
  • Redox potential

The effect of biochar and hematite on cadmium availability in a paddy soil under flooded and drained conditions

 

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Introduction

Cadmium (Cd) pollution in soil due to the use of phosphorus chemical fertilizers has become an important environmental challenge. Cadmium in the soil is related to different geochemical phases and its distribution among different chemical fractions is affected Cd solubility, dynamics, and availability. Flooding and drainage cycles affect the biological and chemical characteristics of the soil in paddy fields and play an important role in Cd availability. The Cd uptake by the rice plant occurred in the grain-filling stage during the drainage period. If the application of the amendments leads to a decrease in Cd availability at this stage, it can be affected the reduction of Cd accumulation in the rice grain. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of two different amendments on Cd availability during the flooding and drainage periods, as well as soil Cd fractions.

Material and Methods

In this study, the effect of biochar (B), hematite (H), and their simultaneous application (HB) on pH, Eh, and calcium chloride extractable Cd was investigated in a Cd-contaminated soil during a 60-day incubation period including flooding (40 days) and drainage (20 days). The experiment was established in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement. Experiment factors were including amendments in 4 levels (control, soil + 10g kg-1 biochar, soil +10g kg-1 hematite, and soil +5g kg-1 biochar +5g kg-1 hematite) and sampling time in 9 levels (0, 1, 5,10, 30, 20, 40, 41, 47, 50, 55 and 60 days). Also, Cd fractionation was studied to investigate the effect of amendments on the Cd distribution in different soil fractions at the end of the incubation period.

Results

In all treatments, the pH value increased from the beginning of the incubation up to the end of the flooding period and decreased with the beginning of the drainage period. The Eh value of the soil decreased from the beginning of the flooding and showed an increasing trend during the drainage period. Calcium chloride extractable Cd decreased during the flooding period, while at the beginning of the drainage increased with a slight slope and followed a decreasing trend up to the end of the drainage period. Cadmium concentration reduced at the end of the flooding period in the B, H and HB treatments compared to the control by 16.8%, 20.5%, and 25.7%, respectively. Also, the reduction in cadmium concentration compared to the control treatment at the end of the drainage period was 18.2, 23.1 and 28.2% respectively. Compared to the separate application of H and B, the simultaneous application of these treatments reduced the Cd availability by reducing the soluble and exchangeable fractions and increasing organic, iron, and manganese oxides fractions.

Conclusion

The Cd concentration in contaminated soil is affected by the changes in the soil moisture conditions and the application of amendments. The results indicated that the application of amendments can reduce cadmium availability in paddy fields during the drainage stage. Therefore, considering the use of phosphorus fertilizers in paddy fields caused the potential of soil Cd contamination in the long term, the use of these amendments can be effective to reduce the cadmium availability in the soil and reducing its accumulation by the rice plant in the drainage stage.

مراجع

Arao, T., Kawasaki, A., Baba, K., Mori, S., & Matsumoto, S. (2009). Effects of water management on cadmium and arsenic accumulation and dimethylarsinic acid concentrations in Japanese rice. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(24), 9361−9367. https://doi.org/10.1021/es9022738.
Bolan, N. S., Makino, T., Kunhikrishnan, A., Kim, P. J., Ishikawa, S., Murakami, M., Naidu, R., & Kirkham, M. B. (2013). Cadmium contamination and its risk management in rice ecosystems. Advances in Agronomy, 119, 183–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407247-3.00004-4.
Borch, T., Kretzschmar, R., Kappler, A., Cappellen, P.V., Ginder-Vogel, M., Voegelin, A., & Campbell, K. (2009). Biogeochemical redox processes and their impact on contaminant dynamics. Environmental Science & Technology, 44, 15–23. doi: 10.1021/es9026248
Calmano, W.; Förstner, U., & Hong, J. (1994). Mobilization and scavenging of heavy metals following resuspension of anoxic sediments from the Elbe River.In Alpers, C. N., & Blowes, D. W (Eds.), In Environmental Geochemistry of Sulfide Oxidation (ACS Symposium Series (pp. 298-321).Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.
Charlatchka, R., & Cambier, P .(2000). Influence of reducing conditions on solubility of trace metals in contaminated soils. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 118, 143–168. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005195920876.
Chen, Y., Xie, T ., Liang, Q ., Liu, M., Zhao, M., Wang, M., & Wang, G. (2016). Effectiveness of lime and peat applications on cadmium availability in a paddy soil under various moisture regimes. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23, 7757–7766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5930-4.
Cooper, D. C., Picardal, F. F., & Coby, A. J. )2006(. Interactions between microbial iron reduction and metal geochemisty: effect of redox cycling on transition metal speciation in iron bearing sediments. Environmental Science & Technology, 1884-1891. doi: 10.1021/es051778t.
Cui, H., Zhang, X., Wu, Q., Zhang, S., Xu, L., Zhou, J., Zheng, X., & Zhou, J. (2020). Hematite enhances the immobilization of copper, cadmium and phosphorus in soil amended with hydroxyapatite under flooded conditions. Science of The Total Environment, 708, 134590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134590.
El-Naggar, A., Shaheen, S. M., Ok, Y. S., & Rinklebe, J. (2018). Biochar affects the dissolved and colloidal concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn and their phytoavailability and potential mobility in a mining soil under dynamic redox-conditions. Science of The Total Environment, 624, 1059–1071. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.190.
Fulda, B., Voegelin, A., & Kretzschmar, R. (2013). Redox-controlled changes in cadmium solubility and solid-phase speciation in a paddy soil as affected by reducible sulfate and copper. Science of The Total Environment, 47, 12775–12783. https://doi.org/10.1021/es401997d.
Furuya, M.; Hashimoto, Y.; & Yamaguchi, N. (2016). Time-course changes in speciation and solubility of cadmium in reduced and oxidized paddy soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 80(4), 870-877. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2016.03.0062.
Gee, G.W., & Bauder, J. W. (1986). Particle-Size Analysis. In: A. Klute (ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part1, Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 2nd Edition. Madison. WI. ASA. SSSA.
Gong, L., Wang, J., Abbas, T., Zhang, Q., Cai, M., Tahir, M., Wu, D., & Di, H. (2021). Immobilization of exchangeable Cd in soil using mixed amendment and its effect on soil microbial communities under paddy upland rotation system. Chemosphere, 262, 127828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127828.
Gotoh, S., & Patrick, W. H. (1973). Transformation of iron in a waterlogged soil as influenced by redox potential and pH. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 38, 66-71. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1974.03615995003800010024x.
Guo, X., Wei, Z., Penn, C., Xu, T., & Wu, Q. (2013). Effect of soil washing and liming on bioavailability of heavy metals in acid contaminated soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 77, 432–441. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0371.
Hernandez-Soriano, M. C., & Jimenez-Lopez, J. C. (2012). Effects of soil water content and organic matter addition on the speciation and bioavailability of heavy metals. Science of The Total Environment, 423, 55–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.033.
Honma, T., Ohba, H., Kaneko, A., Nakamura, K., Makino, T., & Katou, H. (2016a). Effects of soil  amendments on arsenic and cadmium uptake by rice plants (Oryza sativa L. cv. Koshihikari) under different water management practices. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 62, 349-356. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2016.1196569.
Honma, T., Ohba, H., Kaneko, A., Makino, T., Nakamura, K., & Katou, H. (2016b). Optimal soil Eh, pH, and water management for simultaneously minimizing arsenic and cadmium concentrations in rice grains. Environmental Science & Technology, 50, 4178-4185. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05424.
Huang, J. H.; Wang, S. L.; Lin, J. H.; Chen, Y. M.; & Wang, M. K. (2013). Dynamics of cadmium concentration in contaminated rice paddy soils with submerging time. Paddy and Water Environment, 11(1−4), 483−491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-012-0339-x.
Inahara, M., Y. Ogawa & Azuma, H. (2007). Countermeasure by means of flooding in latter growth stage to restrain cadmium uptake by lowland rice. Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 78, 149−155. doi: 10.20710/dojo.78.2_149.
Kashem, M. A., & Singh, B. R. (2001). Metal availability in contaminated soils: I. Effects of flooding and organic matter on changes in Eh, pH and solubility of Cd, Ni and Zn. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 61, 247–255.doi: 10.1023/A:1013762204510.
Khaokaew, S., Chaney, R. L., Landrot, G., Ginder-Vogel, M., & Sparks, D. L. (2011). Speciation and release kinetics of cadmium in an alkaline paddy soil under various flooding periods and draining conditions. Environmental Science & Technology, 45(10), 4249−4255. doi: 10.1021/es103971y.
Kumar, R., Sharma, P., Sharma, P K., Rose, P. K., Singh, R K., Kumar, N., Sahoo, P K,. Maity, J P., Ghosh, A., Kumar, M., Bhattacharya, P., & Pandey, A. (2023). Rice husk biochar - A novel engineered bio-based material for transforming groundwater-mediated fluoride cycling in natural environments. Journal of Environmental Management, 343(1), 118222. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118222.
Li, Z., Liang, Y., Hu, H., Shaheen, S M., Zhong, H., Tack, F M G., Wu, M., Li Y F., Gao, Yuxi., Rinklebe, J., & Zhao, J. (2021). Speciation, transportation, and pathways of cadmium in soil-rice systems: A review on the environmental implications and remediation approaches for food safety. Environment International, 156, 106749. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106749.
Liang, Y., Tian, L., Lu, Y., Peng, L., Wang, P., Lin, J., Cheng, T., Dang, Z., &Shi, Z. (2018). Kinetics of Cd(II) adsorption and desorption ferrihydrite: experiments and modeling. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 20, 934-942. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EM00068A.
Lin, J., He, F., Owens, G., & Chen, Z. (2021). How do phytogenic iron oxide nanoparticles drive redox reactions to reduce cadmium availability in a flooded paddy soil? Journal of Hazardous Materials, 403, 123736. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123736.
Liu, L., Chen, H., Cai, P., Liang, W., & Huang, Q. (2009). Immobilization and phytotoxicity of Cd in contaminated soil amended with chicken manure compost. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163, 563–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.004.
McBride, M. B. (1980). Chemisorption of Cd2+ on calcite surfaces. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44, 26-28. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400010006x.
McGrath, S. P., & Cegarra, J. (1992). Chemical extractability of heavymetals during and after long-term applications of sewage-sludge to soil. Journal of Soil Science, 43 (2), 313-321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1992.tb00139.x.
Muehe, E. M., Obst, M. Hitchcock, A., Tyliszczak, T., Behrens, S., Schröder, C., Byrne, J. M., Michel, F. M., Krämer, U., & Kappler, A. (2013). Fate of Cd during microbial Fe(III) mineral reduction by a novel and Cd-tolerant Geobacter species. Environmental Science & Technology, 47, 14099–14109. doi: 10.1021/es403365w.
Nelson, D. W., & Sommers, L. E. (1982). Total Carbon, Organic Carbon and Organic Matter. In: A. L. Page et al (eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis (pp. 539-579). Madison. WI. ASA. SSSA.
Qin, F., Wen, B., Shang, X., Xie, Y., Liu, T., Zhang, S., & Khan, S. U. (2006). Mechanism of competitive adsorption of Pb, Cu, and Cd on peat. Environmental Pollution, 144, 669–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.12.036.
Rajkovich, S., Enders, A., Hanley, K., Hyland, C., Zimmerman, A. R., & Lehmann, J. (2012). Corn growth and nitrogen nutrition after additions of biochars with varying properties to a temperate soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 48, 271–284. Doi: 10.1007/s00374-011-0624-7.
Richards, L. A. (1969). Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. US Salinity Laboratory Staff, Agricultural Handbook, No. 60. USA. USDA.
Rinklebe, J., Shaheen, S. M., & Yu, K. (2016). Release of As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Sr under predefinite redox conditions in different rice paddy soils originating from the USA andAsia. Geoderma, 270, 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.10.011.
Shaheen, S. M., Rinklebe, J., Frohne, T., White, J. R., & DeLaune, R. D. (2016). Redox effects on release kinetics of arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, and vanadium in Wax Lake Deltaic freshwater marsh soils. Chemosphere, 150, 740–748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.043.
Smolders, E., & Mertens, J. (2013). Cadmium. In: B. J. Alloway (Ed.), Heavy Metals in Soils: Trace Metals and Metalloids in Soils and Their Bioavailability (pp. 283–311). Netherlands, Dordrecht. Springer.
Stanislawska-Glubiak, E., Korzeniowska, J., & Kocon, A. (2015). Effect of peat on the accumulation and translocation of heavy metals by maize grown in contaminated soils. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, 4706–4714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3706-x.
Sui, F. Q., Chang, J. D., Tang, Z., Liu, W. J., Huang, X. Y., & Zhao, F. J. (2018). Nramp5 expression and functionality likely explain higher cadmium uptake in rice than in wheat and maize. Plant and Soil, 433(1−2), 377−389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-018-3849-5.
Tessier, A., Campbell, P. G. C., & Bisson, M. (1979). Sequential extraction procedures for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Analytical Chemistry, 51, 844-851. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50043a017.
Van Loon, J .C., & Lichwa, L. (1973). A study of the atomic absorption determination of some important heavy metals in fertilizers and domestic sewage plant sludges. Environmental Letters, 3, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307309435477.
Wang, F., Zhang, Y., Wu, T., Wu, L., Shi, G., & An, Y. (2023). The high‑dimensional geographic dataset revealed signifcant diferences in the migration ability of cadmium from various sources in paddy feilds. Scientifc Reports, 13, 1589. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28812-9.
Wang, J., Wang, P. M., Gu, Y. Kopittke, P. M. Zhao, F. J., & Wang, P. (2019). Iron-manganese (oxyhydro)oxides, rather than oxidation of sulfides, determine mobilization of Cd during soil drainage in paddy soil systems. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(5), 2500-2508. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b06863.
Wu, C., Shi, L., Xue, S., Li, W., Jiang, X., Rajendran, M., & Qian, Z. (2019). Effect of sulfur iron modified biochar on the available cadmium and bacterial community structure in contaminated soils. Science of The Total Environment, 647, 1158–1168. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.087.
Yan, J., Fischel, M., Chen, H., Siebecker, M. G., Wang, P., Zhao, F J., & Sparks, D. L. (2021). Cadmium speciation and release kinetics in a paddy soil as affected by soil amendments and flooding-draining cycle, Environmental Pollution, 268(B), 115944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115944.
Yuan, C., Li, F., Cao, W., Yang, Z., Hu, M., & Sun, W. (2019). Cadmium solubility in paddy soil amended with organic matter, sulfate, and iron oxide in alternative watering conditions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 378, 120672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.065.
Yuan, C., Liu, T., Li, F., Liu, C., Yu, H., Sun, W., & Huang, W. (2018). Microbial iron reduction as a method for immobilization of a low concentration of dissolved cadmium. Journal of Environmental Management, 217, 747–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.023.
Yuan, C., Mosley, L. M., Fitzpatrick, R., & Marschner, P. (2016). Organic matter addition can prevent acidification during oxidation of sandy hypersulfidic and hyposulfidic material: effect of application form, rate and C/N ratio. Geoderma, 276, 26–32. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.04.025.
Zou, M., Zhou, S., Zhou, Y., Jia, Z., Guo, T., & Wang, J. (2021). Cadmium pollution of soil-rice ecosystems in rice cultivation dominated regions in China: A review. Environmental Pollution, 280, 116965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116965.
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 54، شماره 11
بهمن 1402
صفحه 1667-1680

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار