Effect of nanoboron and nanopotassium spraying on growth and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MSc, International Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics,, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq

Abstract

One of the effective and necessary factors during plant growth period is plant nutrition and management of fertilizer resources. Nowadays, the use of nanotechnology in the preparation of nanofertilizers is popular. This research aims to investigate the effect of spraying nanofertilizers of potassium and boron on the growth and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.). For this purpose, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2021-2022 was conducted in a field experiment at the Misan University of Iraq. The factors were three levels of boron (0, 1 and 2 mg liter-1) and three levels of potassium (0, 4 and 8 mg liter-1). The results showed that the use of nanoboron and potassium spraying led to an improvement in crop growth parameters of mungbean. So that potassium spraying with 2 and 8 mg liter-1 led to a significant increase in the number of branches plant-1, the number of pods per plant, and grain yield in the plant compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, the application of boron in the plant at the highest concentration (2 mg liter-1) increased the grain yield per hectare, the number of seeds per pod, pod length and protein yield significantly compared to the control treatment (no boron spraying). In general, it can be said that the simultaneous spraying nanofertilizers of potassium and boron on the mungbean plant showed a more significant effect on growth and plant yield, compared to the application of nanopotassium and nanoboron alone.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Effect of nanoboron and nanopotassium spraying on growth and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.)

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The agriculture and crop production systems sector is and will continue to experience increased pressure resulting from global food demand, strain on natural resources, and the evolution of new feeding and fertilizing patterns. Increased demand for food is inevitable given the current and predicted trend in population growth. One of the effective and necessary factors in the plant growth period is plant nutrition and management of fertilizer resources. Excessive application of chemical fertilizers in agriculture and crop production, which in addition to incurring additional costs, have irreparable effects on the environment quality and human health. The use of nanotechnology in crop production is a new and rapidly evolving area of research with the potential to positively impact agriculture and heath production. This research aims to investigate the effect of spraying nano fertilizers of potassium and boron on growth and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.)

Materials and Methods:

A factorial experiment based on the randomized complete blocks design with three replications of Argentinian mung bean variety with amount of 20 kg ha-1 was conducted in 2021-2022 in a field at the Misan University of Iraq. The factors were three levels of boron (0, 1 and 2 mg liter-1) and three levels of potassium (0, 4 and 8 mg liter-1). Each Plot area was 4 m2 (2 m x 2 m), containing 4 rows with a 20 cm distance between rows. The distance between the plots and blocks were 1 m.

Results and Discussion:

The results showed that the spray of nanoboron and potassium led to an improvement in crop growth parameters and yield of seeds per plant of mungbean. So that 2 mg/l nanoboron spraying with 8 mg/l potassium led to a significant increase in the number of branches per plant, the number of pods per plant, and grain yield in the plant compared to the control treatment. The grain yield was 10519 kg/ha in 2 mg/l nanoboron + 8 mg/l nanopotassium treatment compare to the control treatment which was 6616 kg/ha. Furthermore, application of nanoboron on the plant at the highest concentration (2 mg liter-1) significantly increased the grain yield per hectare, the number of seeds per pod, pod length and protein yield compared to the control treatment (no boron spraying).

Conclusion:

In general, it can be said that the simultaneous spray of nanofertilizers of potassium and boron on mungbean plant showed a more significant effect on plant growth and plant yield, as compared to the individual spray of nanopotassium and nanoboron.

 

References

Abdel-Motagally, F.M.F., & El-Zohri, M., (2016). Improvement of wheat yield grown under drought stress by boron foliar application at different growth stages. J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci., 17(2), pp.178-185.
Abdul Quddus, M.D., Ashraf Hussain, M.D., Neser, H.M., Anwar, B., Alamgir Siddiky, M.D., Razzab, & Ali, M.D., (2019). Influence of potassium addition on productivity, quality and nutrient uptake of mungbea (vigna radiate L.). Journal of agriculture studies. 7(1): 21-40.
Abu-dahi, Y.M., Shati, R.K., & Al-Taher, F.M., (2009). Effect of foliar feeding of iron, zinc and potassium on grain yield, and protein percentage of bread wheat. . Iraqi.J. of Agri. Sci.40 (4):27-37.
Ahmed, N., Abid, M., Ahmad, F., Ullah, M.A., Javaid, Q., & Ali, M.A., (2011). Impact of boron fertilization on dry matter production and mineral constitution of irrigated cotton. Pak. J. Bot., 43, 2903–2910.
Aghazadeh-Khalkhali, D., Mehrafarin, A., Abdossi, V. & Badi, H.N., (2015). Mucilage and seed yield of psyllium (Plantago psyllium L.) in response to foliar application of nano-iron and potassium chelate fertilizer. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 14(56), 23-34. (in Persian)
 Aghdasi, S., Modares Sanavy, S.A.M., Aghaalikhani, M. & Keshavarz, H., (2018). Effect of foliar application of iron and manganese on yield and yield components of mungbean under water deficit stress. Water and Soil Science, 28(3), 13-25. (in Persian)
Ail, N.S., & Al-Juthery, H.W.A., (2017). The application of nanotechnology for micronutrient in agricultural production (review article). The lraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 48(9): 489-441.
Akhtar, M.N.; Ul-Haq, T., Ahmad, F., Imran, M., Ahmed,W., Ghaffar, A., Shahid, M., Saleem, M.H., Alshaya, H., Okla, M.K. & Ali, S., (2020). Application of Potassium along with Nitrogen under Varied Moisture Regimes Improves Performance and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency of High- and Low-Potassium Efficiency Cotton Cultivars. Agronomy. 12, 502.
Alak, M.K., Abdul-Razzaq, M.M.A., Ahmed, S.A.H., & Hamza, I.A., (2015). Effect of spraying benzyl adenine (BA), zinc, and boron on bean yield and its components. Journal of Biotechnology Research Center. 9(1): 67-76.
Al-Amiri, Abbas Ali, Razzaq Lotte Ateya, Ahmed Najem Al-Moussawi & Hamid Abdul Khashan Al-Fartous. (2015). Response of three genotypes of yellow maize (Zea mays L.) for paper feeding in manganese and boron under calcareous soil conditions in some growth and yield traits. Al-Baher Magazine1: 31-42.
Al-Hilfy, I. H., & Zeboon, N. H., (2016). Respons of bread wheat yield and its components to boron and vitaminc foliar applied. Iraqi J. of Agri. Sci.47 (5):1171-1180.
Ali, N. S., Rahi, H.S., and Shaker, A. A., 2014. Soil Fertility. Scientific Book House. College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad.
Al-Ramadi, Hassan Rajab and Nehmeh Abdulmonem Abdullah, Tareq Ali Shall, Abdullah Hassan Al- Saeedi, Mohammed Salem Al-Sikhan  & Tareq Abdulaziz Shalabi. (2016). Botany and Environmental Nanotechnology. Faculty of Agriculture - Kafr El-Sheikh University. First Edition. P. 189.
Al-Rawi, O.A.T., (2020) Growth, yield, and quality of four cultivars of bean under the influence of potassium spray. College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Department of Field Crops.
AL-Shumary, A.M.J., Ali, H.A., & Alabdulla, S.A., (2019). Effect of Spraying Concentrations of Integrated Nano-Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Genotypes of Corn (Zea mays L.). Muthanna journal of Agriculture Science. 7(2): 114-121.
Asgharipour, M.R., & Heidari, M. (2011). Effect of potassium supply on drought resistance in sorghum plant growth and macronutrient content. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 10(2), 374-381. (in Persian)
Baqer, H.A.A., (2015). Response of bread wheat Shaam-6 cultiver to ground added potassium and foliar boron on growth characters. Al Furat J. of Agri.Sci.7 (1):152-166.
Bastías, E., Alcaraz-López, C., Bonilla, I., Martínez-Ballesta, M. C., Bolaños, L., & Carvajal, M., (2010). Interactions between salinity and boron toxicity in tomato plants involve apoplastic calcium. J. Plant Physiol. 167, 54–60.
Batabyal, K., Sarkar, D., & Mandal, B., (2015) Critical Levels of Boron in Soils for Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis). J Plant Nutr 38, 1822-1835.
Brar, M.S., Singh, B., Bansal, S.K., & Srinivasa, R. (2011). Role of Potassium Nutrition in Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cereals; e-ifc No. 29; IPI: Bern, Switzerland.
Bukhsh, M. A. A. H. A., R. Ahmad, A. U. Malik, S. Hussain & M. Ishaque. (2011). Profitability of three maize hybrids as influenced by varying plant density and potassium application. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 21(1): 42-47.
Buriro, M, Hussain, F, Talpur, GH, Gandahi, A.W., & Buriro, B. (2015). Growth and yield response of mung bean varieties to various potassium levels. Pak. J. Agri., Agril. Engg., Vet. Sci., 31 (2): 203-210.
Choi, E.Y., Jeon, Y.A., Choi, K.Y., & andStangoulis, J. (2016). Physiological and morphological responses to boron deficient chinese cabbage. Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. 57, 355.
Davoody, N., Seghatoleslami M. J., Mousavi, S. G. H., and Nasrabad Azari, A. 2013. Foxtail millet responses to bulk and nano zinc oxide particles in water stress conditions. Annual Review & Research in Biology, 3: 959-973.
El-Feky, S.S.; El-Shintinawy, F.; Shaker, E.M., & El-Din, H.A.S. (2012). Effect of elevated boron concentrations on the growth and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and alleviation of its toxicity using different plant growth modulators. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 2012, 6, 1687–1695.
Emam, Y., (2011). Cereal Production. Shiraz University Press. 4th ed. Shiraz, Iran. 190 pp. (in Persian)
Feilinezhad, A., Mirzaeiheydari, M., Babaei, F., Maleki, A., & Rostaminya, M., (2022). The Effect of Tillage, Organic Matter and Mycorrhizal Fungi on Efficiency and Productivity Use of Nutrients in Maize. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 53(20), pp.2719-2733.
Ghasemi Lemraski, M., Normohamadi, G., Madani, H., Heidari Sharifabad, H., & Mobasser, H. R. (2014). Effect of silicon and potassium foliar application and nitrogen rates on yield and yield components of Iranian rice cultivars, Tarom Hashemi and Tarom Mahalli. New Finding in Agriculture, 9(1), 47-66. (in Persian)
Genaidy, E.A.E., Abd-Alhamid, N., Hassan, H.S.A., Hassan, A.M., & Hagagg, L.F. (2020). Effect of foliar application of boron trioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles on leaves chemical composition, yield and fruit quality of Olea europaea L. cv. Picual. Genaidy et al. Bulletin of the National Research Centre. 44:106.
Gupta, U., & Solanki, H. (2013). Impact of boron deficiency on plant growth. Int. J. Bioassay, 2, 1048–1050.
Habeeb, M.I., & Abdullah, B.H. (2021). Effect of Spraying with Potassium and Kinetin on Specific Physiological and Productive Characteristics of Three Mungbean Genotypes (Vigna Radiata L.). 3rd Scientific & 1st International Conference of Desert Studies. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
Haghighi, M., & Asghariopur, M.R. (2019). Effect of Ca and nano-Ca spray on reducing the effects of salinity stress on tomato at vegetative growth stage in hydro culture. Journal of Horticultural Science, 32(4), 507-518. (in Persian)
Heydari, M.M., & Babaei, Z. (2022). The effect of plant growth promoting bacteria inoculated in soil and different rates of phosphorous fertilizer on growth and yield of autumn wheat. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 53(10), 2423-7833. (in Persian)
Heydari, M.M., Brook, R.M., & Jones, D.L., (2019). The role of phosphorus sources on root diameter, root length and root dry matter of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Journal of plant nutrition, 42(1), pp.1-15.
Heydari, M.M., & Bagheri, M. (2022). (2018). Chemical fertilizers and healthy food. International conference on Tayyeb Food. Mashhad. Iran. 715-719. (in Persian)
Heydari, M.M., Maleki, A., Brook, R., & Jones, D.L., (2009). Efficiency of phosphorus solubilising bacteria and phosphorus chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components of wheat cultivar (Chamran). Aspects of Applied Biology, (98), pp.189-193.
Hu, H. & Brown, P.H. 91994). Localization of boron in cell walls of squash and tobacco and its association with pectin- Evidence for a structural role of boron in the cell wall. Plant Physiol.105, 681–689.
Hulail Noaema, A., Leiby, H.R., & Alhasany, A.R. (2020). Effect of Spraying Nano Fertilizers of Potassium and Boron on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The First International Conference of Pure and Engineering Sciences (ICPES2020). 871.
Hussain, F., Malik, U., Haji, M.A., & Malghani, A.L. (2011). Growth And Yield Response Of Two Cultivars of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) to Different Potassium Levels. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 21(3): 622-625.
Huthily, K. H., Manshood, M. A., Noaema, A.H., & Alhasany, A.R. (2021). Effect of Foliar Application with Nano Potassium and Boron on Growth and Productivity of Vacia faba L. Indian Journal of Ecology. 48(13): 148-152.
Jafarzadeh, R., M. Jami Moeini & M. R. Hokm Abadi. (2013). Wheat yield response to foliar and soil application of potassium fertilizer Nano. J. of Farming Res. 5 (2), 189 - 97.
Joorabi S, Eisvand H.R., Ismaili A., & Nasrolahi A.H. (2020) Effects of Zn nano-chelate foliar application on some physiological parameters and grain yield of soybean under water deficit stress. Plant Process and Function, 9 (35), 73-86. (in Persian)
Khalaj H., Baradarn Firouzabadi M., delfani M. & (2020). Effect of nano iron and Magnesium chelate fertilizers on on Growth and Grain Yield of (Vigna sinensis L.). Plant Process and Function. 9(35), 161-177. (in Persian)
Kumar, A. R., and M. Kumar. (2008). Studies on the efficacy of sulphate of potash on physiological, yield and quality parameters of Banana cv. Robusta (Cavendish- AAA). Asian J Biologi of Sci. 2:102-109.
Kumar, M., Sarangi, A., Singh, D. K., Rao, A.R., & Sudhishri, S. (2016). Response of wheat cultivars to foliar potassium fertilization under irrigated saline environment. J. of Applied and Natural Sci. 8 (1): 429 - 436.
Lewis, D. H. (2019). Boron: the essential element for vascular plants that never was. N. Phytol. 221, 1685–1690.
Maqsoodi, M., & Najafi, N. (2017). Effects of nano-micronutrient fertilizersI on plant nutrition. Land Management Journal, 4(2), 115-132. (in Persian)
Maleki, A., Pournajaf, M., Naseri, R., Rashnavadi, R., & Heydari, M., (2014). The effect of supplemental irrigation, nitrogen levels and inoculation with rhizobium bacteria on seed quality of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under rainfed conditions. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 3(6), pp.902-909.
Malvi, U. (2011). Interaction of micronutrients with major nutrients with special reference to potassium. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci. 24: 106 – 109.
Mandala, A. B., & Sharmab, A. (2017). Effect of boron and myo-inositol on pollen tube growth of hybrid of bread wheat (triticum aestivum L. Emend. Thell.). J.of Agric. and Veterinary Sci. 10(4): 26- 31.
Martínez-Cuenca, M.-R., Martínez-Alcántara, B., Quiñones, A., Ruiz, M., Iglesias, D.J., Primo Millo, E. & Forner-Giner, M.Á. (2015). Physiological and molecular responses to excess boron in Citrus macrophylla W. PLoS ONE 10, e0134372.
Miwa, K. & Fujiwara, T. (2010). Boron transport in plants: co-ordinated regulation of transporters. Ann. Bot., 105, 1103–1108
Miwa, K. & Fujiwara, T. (2010). Boron transport in plants: co-ordinated regulation of transporters. Ann. Bot., 105, 1103–1108.
Mondal, M.M.A., Rahman, M.., Akterm M.B., & Fakir, M.S.A. (2011). Effect of Foliar Application of Nitrogen and Micronutrients on Growth and Yield in Mungbean. Legume Res. 34(3): 166-171.
Mora, K.A., Kumar, K., Chhikara, S., Musante, C., White, J.C. & Dhankher, O.P. (2016). Enhanced boron tolerance in plants mediated by bidirectional transport through plasma membrane intrinsic proteins. Sci Rep. 6, 21640.
Moradi, S. Z., Momtaz, S., Bayrami, Z., Farzaei, M. H., & Abdollahi, M. (2020). Nanoformulations of Herbal Extracts in Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front. Bioengine. Biotechnol. 8:238.
Noaema, A.H., leiby, H.R., & Alhasany, A.R. (2020). Effect of Spraying Nano Fertilizers of Potassium and Boron on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The First International Conference of Pure and Engineering Sciences. 871.
Ratan, K. & Kavita, K. (2017). Influence of foliar fertilization of boron on broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) in boron deficient soil of Doon Valley, India. Progressive Horticulture 49, 65-68.
Rezaie, F., Barary, M., Hatami, A., & Hassanein Khoshro, H. (2019). The effect of nano-potass fertilizer and methanol application on some physiological characters, yield and yield components of wheat. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, 11(39), 180-191. (in Persian)
Rios JJ, Lopez-Zaplana A, Bárzana G, Martinez-Alonso A & Carvajal M. (2021). Foliar Application of Boron Nanoencapsulated in Almond Trees Allows B Movement Within Tree and Implements Water Uptake and Transport Involving Aquaporins. Front. Plant Sci. 12:752648.
Roshan Zamir, H., Hosseini, S.M., Mirtalebi, S.H., & Amini, Z. (2018). Investigating the effect of irrigation frequency and different levels of potassium sulfate on the yield and yield components of Shiraz variety wheat in Eghlid region. National conference on management of drought stress and water shortage in agriculture. Arsanjan. Iran. 65-71. (in Persian)
Shah, Z.; Ahmad, S.R.; Rahman, H. & Shah, M.Z. (2011). Sustaining rice-wheat system through management of legumes. II. Effect of green manure legumes and N fertilization on wheat yield. Pak. J. Bot., 43, 2093–2097.
Shams, A.S., & Abbas, M.H.H. (2019). Can Hydroxyapatite and Boron Oxide Nano-fertilizers Substitute Calcium Superphosphate and Boric Acid for Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) Grown on A Heavy Clay Soil? Egyptian Journal of Horticulture. 46(2): 215-234.
Sharma, A. and Chetani, R., 2017. A review on the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on plants. Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol, 5, pp.677-680.
Shen, Z.G.; Liang, Y.C. & Shen, K. (1993). Effect of boron on the nitrate reductase activity in oilseed rape plants. J. Plant Nutr. 16, 1229–1239.
Shireen F., Nawaz M. A., Chen C., Zhang Q., Zheng Z., Sohail H., Sun J., Cao H., Huang Y., & Bie Z. (2018). Boron: functions and approaches to enhance its availability in plants for sustainable agriculture. Int. J. Mol Sci. 19 (7): 1856-1870.
Singh, M.K., Chand, T., Kumar, M., Singh, K.V., Lodhi, S.K., Singh, V.P. & Sirohi, V.S. (2015). Response of different doses of NPK and boron on growth and yield of Broccoli (Brassica oleraceavar. italica). International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management. 6, 108-112.
Sio semardeh, A. 2003. Physiological of growth and yield of wheat cultivar related to drought resistance ATP synthesis. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Tehran, Iran.
Soomro, Z .H; P.A. Baloch & A.W.Gandhai. (2011). Comparative Effects of Foliar and Soil applied Boron on Growth and Fodder yield of maize. Pak. J. Agri. Agril. Engg .Vet. Sci. 27 (1):18 – 26.
Tavan, T., Niakan, M., & Norinia, A. A. (2014). Effect of nano-potassium fertilizer on growth factors, photosynthetic system and protein content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Cv. N8019). Iranian Journal of Plant Ecophysiological Research, 35(3), 61-71. (in Persian)
Wang, Y. & Wu,W.H. (2013). Potassium transport and signaling in higher plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 64, 451–476.
Wasaya, A., Ahmad Yasir, T., Sarwar, N., Farooq, O., Sheikh, G.R. & Baloch, A.W. (2020). Improving growth and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) through   foliar application of silver and zinc nanoparticles. Pure Appl. Biol., 9(1): 790-797.
Wells, M.L. & Wood, B.W. (2007). Relationships between leaflet nitrogen: Potassium ratio and yield of pecan. HortTechnology. 17, 473–479.
Yang, X. E., W. M. Wang & Z. L. He., (2004). Physiological and genetic characteristics of nutrient efficiency of plants in acid soils. P.78-83.
Yarnia, M., Safaie, P., Khorshidi-benam, M. B., & Farajzadeh, E. (2009). Effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate on yield and yield components of sunflower. New Finding in Agriculture, 3(3), 317-332. (in Persian)
Zhang, X., Davidson, E. A., Mauzerall, D. L., Searchinger, T. D., Dumas, P., & Shen, Y., (2015). Managing nitrogen for sustainable development. Nature. 528, 51–59.
Zoz, T., Steiner, F., Seidel, E. P., castagnara, D. D., & Gabriel E. S., (2016). Foliar application of calcium and boron improves the spike fertily and yield of wheat. Biosci. J., Uberlandia. 32(4): 873- 880.
Zulfiqar, F., Navarro, M., Ashraf, M., Akram, N. A., & Munné-Bosch, S. (2019). Nanofertilizer use for sustainable agriculture: Advantages and limitations. Plant Science, 289, p.110270.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
Volume 54, Issue 9
December 2023
Pages 1397-1414

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics