Removal of Pb (II) from Aqueous Solution by Nano Organo-Composite Paramagnetic Particles: Study of Kinetic and Isotherm Models

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Soil Science, Agriculture Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.

2 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran

Abstract

The adsorption of lead on two adsorbents, montmorillonite clay (Mt) and magnetic nano organo-composite, was investigated in this study. The magnetic nano organo-composite has been developed by modifying montmorillonite clay with the organic surfactant Hexa decyltrimethylammonium bromide and adding magnetite nano-particles (MagMt-H). X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to identify the nano organo-composite (MagMt-H). Two adsorbents were used to investigate the effect of lead initial concentration on its adsorption from aqueous solution. To comprehend the process of Pb adsorption, two adsorption isothermal models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and kinetic models (Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion) were used. Surface adsorption in the nano organo-composite follows the isothermal models of Langmuir, as well as the pseudo-second order kinetic model, according to an examination of isothermal models and adsorption kinetics. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir model at 30 °C in the nano organo -composite (73.58 mg g-1) was significantly greater than the value obtained in montmorillonite clay (49.54 mg g-1). The initial absorption rate (h) for nano organo-composite adsorbent (MagMt-H) with a value of 18.809 mg g-1min-1 compared to the montmorillonite (Mt) adsorbent with a value of 0.948 mg g-1min-1 indicates a much higher rate of lead (II) adsorption by nano organo-composite (MagMt-H). The results of this research demonstrated that the nano organo-composite (MagMt-H) was easily prepared and that new adsorption sites were created at its interface, making it extremely effective for removing lead from aqueous solutions.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Removal of Pb (II) from Aqueous Solution by Nano Organo-Composite Paramagnetic Particles: Study of Kinetic and Isotherm Models

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

 

Introduction

The objective of this research was to develop environmentally friendly, stable, and low-cost adsorbents to remove pollutants such as lead (II) from wastewater. The adsorption of Pb (II) on two adsorbents, montmorillonite clay (Mt) and a nano-organo composite prepared from montmorillonite clay modified with the organic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and magnetite nano-particles (MagMt-H), was investigated in this regard.

 

Methods

Montmorillonite clay was modified with the organic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and turned into organo-clay in this study to increase the distance between layers and consequently the specific surface area of clay. The hydrocell method was then used to create a nano-organo composite which consists of magnetite nanoparticles and modified clay. X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy were used to identify the prepared the nano organo-composite (MagMt-H). Two adsorbents were used to investigate the effect of lead (II) initial concentration on its adsorption from aqueous solution. To comprehend the Pb (II) adsorption process, two nonlinear adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) were used. Pb (II) adsorption mechanisms were investigated and compared using kinetic models (Pseudo-first order, Pseudo-second order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion).

 

Results

The results demonstrated that magnetite nanoparticles and an organic surfactant successfully modified the nano organic-composite (MagMt-H). Magnetite nano-particles were placed on the surface and inside the interlayer space of montmorillonite clay modified with organic surfactant in the nano organo-composite (MagMt-H), with better dispersion and less aggregation than pure magnetite nano-particles, while increasing the interlayer distance due to the introduction of organic surfactant. According to the results, the removal percentage of Pb (II) decreased as the initial concentration of Pb (II) increased in the case of both montmorillonite clay (Mt) and nano organo-composite (MagMt-H) adsorbents. Examining the adsorption isotherm models revealed that the Langmuir model for adsorption of lead (II) of montmorillonite clay (Mt) is more consistent with the experimental data than the Freundlich model. Langmuir models agreed well for surface adsorption in nano organo-composite (MagMt-H). The maximum amount of lead absorbed by montmorillonite clay (Mt) and nano organo-composite (MagMt-H) adsorbents is 69.98 and 46 mg g-1, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir model at 30 °C in nano-organo composite (73.58 mg g-1) was significantly greater than the value obtained in montmorillonite clay (49.54 mg g-1). Lead (II) adsorption in montmorillonite clay (Mt) followed Elovich kinetic model, whereas nano organo-composite (MagMt-H) followed Pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that chemical adsorption is the controlling mechanism of lead adsorption rate. In this research, the initial rate constant of adsorption (α Elovich kinetic model) for nano organo-composite adsorbent (243 mg g-1min-1) was much larger than that of montmorillonite clay (19.29 mg g-1min-1). The initial adsorption rate (h) for nano organo-composite adsorbent (MagMt-H) with a value of 18.809 mg g-1min-1 compared to the montmorillonite (Mt) adsorbent with a value of 0.948 mg g-1min-1 indicates a much higher rate of lead (II) adsorption by nano-organo composite (MagMt-H).

 

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that the nano organo-composite (MagMt-H) was easily prepared and that it has more adsorption sites, making it effective in removing lead from aqueous solutions and wastewaters. The next benefit is the separation of this sorben by an external magnetic field, which reduces the risk to human health.

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Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
Volume 54, Issue 6
September 2023
Pages 961-979

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