ارزیابی برخی شاخص‌های تکامل خاک در خاک‌های متأثر از سنگ‌های رسوبی و آذرین شمال کرمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

3 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی-دانشگاه شهیدباهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

چکیده

مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی تکامل خاک در خاکرخ‌های توسعه‌یافته از مواد مادری آذرین و رسوبی شمال کرمان انجام شده است. جهت نیل به هدف مذکور تعداد 4 خاکرخ در منطقه مورد مطالعه حفر و تشریح گردید و نمونه‌های خاک جهت انجام آزمایشات فیزیکوشیمیایی و بررسی عوارض میکرومورفولوژیک برداشت شدند. مقادیر اکسیدهای اصلی توسط دستگاه ICP-OES اندازه‌گیری شد. میزان تکامل خاکرخ‌های مورد مطالعه با استفاده از شاخص‌های رنگ، تجمع رس، مقادیر آهن و شاخص‌های ژئوشیمیایی ارزیابی شد.  خاکرخ‌های مطالعاتی در راسته اریدی‌سول بوده که غالبا دارای افق‌های کلسیک، ژیپسیک و آرجیلیک می‌باشند. میانگین مقادیر آهن پدوژنیک، آزاد، بلوری و فعال در نمونه‌های مورد مطالعه به ترتیب برابر با 4/9، 5/0، 8/8 گرم بر کیلوگرم و 06/0 می‌باشد. مقادیر شاخص‌های تجمع رس و آهن به ترتیب از مقدار 17 در خاکرخ 3 تا 5/76 در خاکرخ 2 و مقدار 24344 در خاکرخ 2 تا 2788 در خاکرخ 3 به‌دست آمد. نتایج بیانگر همبستگی در سطح 99 درصد بین مقادیر آهن و شاخص‌های رنگ بود. میانگین وزنی اکسیدهای اصلی افزایش محسوسی در خاکرخ‌های 1 و 3 نسبت به سایر خاکرخ‌ها داشت. تمامی شاخص‌های ژئوشیمیایی، به جز WIP، شدت هوادیدگی بالاتری را در خاکرخ‌های 1 و 3 نشان دادند.  نتایج بررسی شاخص‌های رنگ، تجمع اکسید آهن و رس و شاخص‌های ژئوشیمیایی CIW، CIA،PWI ، V، PIA، STI و R در منطقه مطالعاتی تکامل بالاتر خاکرخ‌ 3 در مقایسه با سایر خاکرخ‌ها را اثبات کرد. تفاوت محسوسی در شدت هوادیدگی با تغییر مواد مادری مشاهده نشد. بنابراین تغییرات در میزان تکامل خاکرخ‌های مطالعاتی نتیجه تأثیر متقابل نوع موادمادری و عوامل و فرایندهای خاکسازی می‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of selected soil development indices in soils derived from sedimentary and igneous rocks, northern Kerman

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Soleimani Sardoo 1
  • Mohammad Hady Farpoor 1
  • Majid Mahmoodabadi 2
  • Azam Jafari 3
1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
2 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
3 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
چکیده [English]

The present research performed to investigate soil evolution in soils developed on sedimentary and igneous parent materials, northern Kerman. Four representative pedons were selected. Physicochemical properties and Micromorphological features investigated in soil samples. The principal oxides content measured using ICP-OES. Color, clay accumulation, Fe content, and geochemical indices were used to assess soil development in the studied pedons. Studied profiles classified in Aridisols order and Calcite, Gypsic and Argillic horizons were dominant. Mean of pedogenic, free, crystalline, and active Fe contents were determined as 9.4, 0.5, 8.8 g/kg and 0.06, respectively. The values of clay and Fe accumulation indices were obtained 17 (in pedon 3) to 76.5 (in pedon 2) and 24344 (in pedon 2) to 2788 (in pedon 3), respectively. The results showed the correlation between Fe contents and color indices at the 99% level. The mean weight of principal oxides noticeably increased in pedons 1 and 3 compared to other studied pedons. All of geochemical indices, except WIP, showed higher weathering in pedons 1 and 3.The results of color, Fe oxides and clay accumulation and CIW, CIA, PWI, V, PIA, STI and R geochemistry indices demonstrated higher evolution of pedon 3 compared to other studied soils. No significant difference in development rate reated to parent materials change was found. Likely, various evolution of studied pedons was due to intractions among geochemical indices and soil-forming factors and processes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Central Iran
  • Clay Coating
  • Geochemistry. Soil color

Extended Abstract

Objective

The present research performed to investigate soil evolution in soils developed on sedimentary (pedons 1 and 2) and igneous (pedons 3 and 4) parent materials, northern Kerman during 2020-2021 as a PhD thesis at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman.

 

Materials and methods

 Four representative pedons were selected. Sandstone, clay and salt flats, gypsiferous red marl, gypsiferous shale, and limestone were dominant in the sedimentary section, whereas igneous section mainly contained andesite, limestone, and tuff. Physicochemical soil properties were investigated to assess soil development. The principal oxides content measured using ICP-OES. Color, clay accumulation, Fe content, and geochemistry indices were used to investigate soil development in the studied pedons.

 

Results

 Clay accumulations together with calcic horizons were found in the area. The strong structure and high percentage of clay size fraction could be a proof of the high rate of soil-forming processes in past. Calcic, gypsic, salic, argillic, and natric were found as the dominant horizons formed, but cambic horizon was less. Thus, the soils were classified as Aridisols (Soil Taxonomy system) and Solonetz and Calcisol RSGs (WRB system). Argilluviation, lessivage, leaching, calcification, and salinization processes observed in studied pedons. Mean pedogenic, free, crystalline, and active Fe contents were determined as 9.4, 0.5, 8.8 g/kg and 0.06, respectively. The Pearson's correlation between Fe contents and color indices at the 99% level was significant which is a proof of moderate soil development. Color, clay, and Fe oxides accumulation indices showed prominent variations based on leaching, transformation and soil weathering intensity. The values of clay and Fe accumulation indices were 17 (pedon 3) to 76.5 (pedon 2), and 24344 (pedon 2) to 2788 (pedon 3), respectively. Fe oxides and clay content indices were correlated, whereas soils with higher development showed higher index values. Pedons 1 and 3 were more weathered due to high contents of immobile principal oxides and low contents of mobile principal oxides. The weighted mean values in principal oxides Fe2O3, TiO2 and Al2O3 were 5.73, 0.7 and 16.8 percent for pedon 2 and 8.4, 0.9 and 14.8 percent in pedon 3. The mean weight of principal oxides noticeably increased in pedons 2 and 3. Besides, the mean weight values of CIW, CIA, WIP, V, PIA, STI and R geochemistry indices (with the exception of PWI index) calculated for pedons 1 and 3 show much higher weathering compared to other pedons. Pedon 4 has the lowest CIA index content (7.22 %) which could be due to weak weathering of the formation environment.

 

Conclusion

 The results of color, Fe oxides and clay accumulation and geochemistry indices in pedon 3 demonstrated the advantage of CIW, CIA, WIP, V, PIA, STI and R geochemistry indices compared to other studied indices. Variations of principal oxides and Fe oxides together with clay translocation along soil depth shows different soil evolution in the area. Besides, CAI, IOAI, Fed/clay rate, Fed content and CIW, CIA, WIP, V, PIA, STI and R geochemistry indices were proofs of more soil evolution in pedon 3 compared to other studied soils. No significant difference in development rate related to parent materials change was found. Likely, variations of weathering and geochemistry indices could be affected by interactions induced by parent materials and soil-forming factors and processes.

 

Keywords: Central Iran, Clay Coating, Geochemistry, Soil color.

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 54، شماره 1
فروردین 1402
صفحه 85-103

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