اثر ترکیبات یونی مختلف آب شور در انتقال کادمیوم در دو خاک با کربنات کلسیم متفاوت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه خاکشناسی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

2 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد کرج، کرج، ایران.

3 گروه خاکشناسی-دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد کرج-کرج-ایران

4 گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین، ایران.

چکیده

 
پژوهش‌های اخیر، تأثیر شوری منابع آب و خاک بر فراهمی زیستی کادمیوم را نشان داده است. در این پژوهش اثر منابع مختلف شوری شامل کلریدسدیم، سولفات‌سدیم و کلریدکلسیم بر انتقال کادمیوم در دو خاک متفاوت مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ستون‌های خاک با ارتفاع 50 و قطر درونی 10 سانتی‌متر در مدت 10 روز تحت آبشویی محلول کادمیوم با غلظت 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر به همراه نمک-های مختلف کلریدسدیم، سولفات‌سدیم و کلریدکلسیم با غلظت 100 میلی‌اکیوالنت در لیتر قرار گرفت. غلظت کادمیوم در زه‌آب بیرون آمده از ستون در سه عمق 3، 7 و 50 سانتی‌متر اندازه‌گیری و نتایج مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. شبیه‌سازی گونه‌های شیمیایی کادمیوم محلول توسط نرم افزار Visual MINTEQ انجام گرفت. بودن نمک‌ها به همراه محلول کادمیوم باعث تحرک بیشتر و خروج مقادیر بیشتر کادمیوم نسبت به خاک شاهد گردید. در بین تیمارهای شوری، تیمار کلریدکلسیم با میانگین 6/19 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بیشترین و تیمار سولفات سدیم با 1/6 میلی‌گرم در لیتر کمترین مقادیر کادمیوم خروجی را داشتند. تیمارهای دارای کلر به‌دلیل تشکیل کمپلکس-های کلر-کادمیوم تأثیر بارزتری در خروج کادمیوم در ستون خاک داشتند. شبیه‌سازی کادمیوم محلول در تیمارهای دارای کلر نشان داد که گونه‌های CdCl+  و CdCl2(aq) بیش از 80 درصد گونه‌های موجود در زه‌آب را تشکیل می‌داد در صورتی‌که در تیمار دارای سولفات‌سدیم این نسبت در اختیار دو گونه Cd(SO4)2-2 و Cd(SO4)(aq)  بود. به‌طورکلی شرایط شوری متأثر از یون کلر در اراضی آلوده به کادمیوم می‌تواند پتانسیل ورود این فلز سمی به منابع آب و زنجیره غذایی را افزایش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of the Different Ionic Composition of Saline Water on Cadmium Transport in Two Soils with Different Calcium Carbonate content

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saman Maleknia 1
  • Ali Khanmirzaei 2
  • mahbubeh Mazhari 1
  • Shekoofeh Rezaei 3
  • Masoud Soltani 4
1 Department of Soil Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
2 Department of Soil Science, college of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
3 Department of Soil Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
4 Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Recent researches have proven the effect of salinity of water and soil resources on the bioavailability of cadmium.In this study, the effect of different sources of salinity including sodium chloride, sodium sulfate and calcium chloride on cadmium transport in two different soils was investigated.Soil columns with a height and inner diameter of 50 and 10 cm, respectively, were subjected to leaching of cadmium solution at a concentration of 100 mg/L along with various salts of sodium chloride, sodium sulfate and calcium chloride at a concentration of 100 me/L for 10 days. The drained solutions were analyzed at three depths of 3, 7 and 50 cm. The simulation of cadmium chemical species in the soil solution was performed using Visual MINTEQ 3.The presence of salinity along with cadmium solution caused more transport and drain of cadmium than the control soil. The highest cadmium concentration drained from the columns was belonged to the soils which received calcium chloride with the mean of 19.6 mg/L whereas the lowest was determined in soil received sodium sulfate with the mean of 6.1 mg/L. Due to the formation of chloro-cadmium complexes, treatments containing chloride had a more obvious effect on the transport of cadmium in the soil columns. The simulation of cadmium speciation in solution containing chloride showed that CdCl+ and CdCl2(aq) account for more than 80% of the cadmium species, while in those containing sodium sulfate, this dominant mainly included two species of Cd(SO4)2- 2 and Cd(SO4)(aq). Generally, salinity conditions affected by chloride ions in cadmium polluted lands can increase the potential of this toxic metal entering water sources and food chain.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cadmium
  • Chemical Speciation
  • Salinity
  • Surface Adsorption Isotherms

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 53، شماره 11
بهمن 1401
صفحه 2583-2595

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