برآورد مقدار آب آبیاری گندم با استفاده از سامانه نیاز آب و مقایسه با مقادیر اندازه‌گیری مزرعه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار بخش آبیاری و فیزیک خاک، مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 استادیار، بخش آبیاری و فیزیک خاک، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 استادبخش آبیاری و زهکشی ، مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی ، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

4 دانشیار بخش آبیاری و زهکشی مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی ، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

برآورد دقیق مقدار آب آبیاری و بهره ‌وری آب گندم در کشور یکی از شاخص‌های مهم و کلیدی برنامه‌ریزی کشاورزی است. هدف از این مطالعه، ارزیابی نتایج اندازه‌گیری میدانی و مزرعه‌ای مقدار آب آبیاری و عملکرد گندم تحت شرایط مدیریت کشاورزان در سطح 37 شهرستان در سال زراعی (1396-1395) و مقایسه آن با برآورد مقدار آب آبیاری سامانه نیاز آب و تعیین بهره‌وری آب آبیاری گندم بود. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین مقدار آب آبیاری گندم در روش اندازه‌گیری شده و سامانه نیازآب به ترتیب برابر با 6/5734 و 2/5970 مترمکعب در هکتار بود و میانگین عملکرد گندم در روش اندازه‌گیری مزرعه و سامانه نیازآب به ترتیب برابر با 5/5216 و 6/4950 کیلوگرم در هکتار و بهره‌وری آب گندم در روش اندازه‌گیری مزرعه و سامانه نیاز آب برابر 1 و 9/0 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب شد. هم چنین نتایج نشان داد که سامانه نیاز آب با ریشه میانگین خطای نرمال 19 درصد و ضریب توافق 93 درصد مقدار آب آبیاری گندم را در مقیاس شهرستان برآورد می‌نماید و عملکرد دانه گندم با ریشه میانگین خطای نرمال 17 درصد و ضریب توافق 95 و بهره وری آب گندم را با ریشه میانگین خطای نرمال 24 درصد و ضریب توافق 90درصد برآورد می‌نماید. ضریب کارایی سامانه نیاز آب نشان می‌دهد که سامانه نتایج قابل قبولی در تعیین مقدار آب آبیاری و بهره‌وری آب گندم در سطح مزارع کشور برآورد می‌کند. از این‌ رو، می‌توان از سامانه نیاز آب در برآورد حجم آب مورد نیاز برای آبیاری گندم در سطح کشور و در مدیریت آب در مزرعه بهره برد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of the Actual Amount of Wheat Irrigation Water Using the NIAZAB System and Comparing with the Farm Measurement

نویسندگان [English]

  • Niazali Ebrahimipak 1
  • Arash Tafteh 2
  • Fariborz Abbasi 3
  • Javad Baghani 4
1 Associate Professor of Irrigation and Soil Physics, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research and Education Organization, Karaj, Iran
2 Assistant professor, Department of irrigation and soil physics, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Professor of Irrigation and Drainage Department, Agricultural Engineering and Technical Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
4 Javad Baghani, Scientific Broad Member, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Accurate estimation of irrigation water quantity, water productivity and irrigation water application efficiency of cultivated wheat in Iran are important and key indicators in agricultural sector planning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the results of field and farm measurements of irrigation water and wheat yield under farmers' management and compare them with estimating the NIAZAB system in 37 Township during a crop season (2016-2017) as well as determining wheat water productivity and application efficiency. The results showed that the average amount of wheat irrigation water measured in the farms and systems were 5710 and 5894 cubic meters per hectare, respectively, and the average grain yield of wheat measured in the farms and systems were 5215 and 4949 kg, respectively. The average water productivity of wheat measured in the farms and NIAZAB system were 1 and 0.9 kg/m3. The results showed that the NIAZAB system with a normal root mean error of 0.19% and agreement coefficient of 0.93 estimates the amount of wheat irrigation water in the township scale and wheat grain yield with a normal root mean error of 0.17% and agreement coefficient of 0.95 and estimates the productivity of wheat water with a normal root mean error of 0.24%, the efficiency of irrigation water application with a normal root mean error of 0.19% and the coefficient of agreement of 0.93. The values of the efficiency coefficient of the model show that the model provides acceptable results in determining the amount of irrigation water and wheat water productivity in the country farms. Therefore, the NIAZAB system can be used to estimate the volume required for the irrigation of plants in Iran and also in the farm water management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Application efficiency
  • Irrigation water
  • NIAZAB system
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