ارزیابی اثرات زیست‌محیطی و عملکرد اقتصادی سامانه‌های توزیع و مصرف آب کشاورزی در شبکه آبیاری و زهکشی سفیدرود

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، گیلان.

2 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

چکیده

این مطالعه در شبکه آبیاری و زهکشی سفیدرود انجام شد. شالیزارهای برنج و باغات چای به عنوان محصولات کشاورزی مورد بررسی انتخاب شدند. عملکرد زیست‌محیطی با مجموعه‌ای از موضوعات زیست‌محیطی از جمله تغییراقلیم، تغذیه‌گرایی و غیره ارزیابی شد. عملکرد اقتصادی نیز با استفاده از کل ارزش افزوده محصولات نهایی سیستم اندازه‌گیری شد. در نهایت، با ارزیابی شاخص اکو-بهره‌وری موضوعات تاثیرگذار زیست‌محیطی، سیستم مورد مطالعه ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که مهم‌ترین موضوعات تأثیرگذار زیست‌محیطی، تغییرات آب و هوایی، سمیت انسانی، سمیت زیست محیطی آبزیان و کاهش سوخت‌های فسیلی به دلیل استفاده زیاد از کودها و آفت‌کش‌های شیمیایی، احتراق سوخت دیزل در ماشین‌آلات کشاورزی و پمپ‌های آب است. به طوری که، سهم هر یک از پارامترهای نامبرده به ترتیب 9/48، 9/47 و 4/2 درصد در مقدار اثرات موضوع تغییر اقلیم بدست آمد. علاوه بر این، در ارزیابی اثرات زیست‌محیطی دو محصول چای و برنج شاخص‌های نوع I، II و III تعریف شد که با توجه به مقادیر بدست آمده به طور کلی به دلیل بالاتر بودن اثرات زیست‌محیطی باغات چای نسبت به شالیزارهای برنج، شاخص‌های نوع I، II و III باغات چای بیشتر از شالیزارهای برنج بدست آمد. به عنوان مثال در موضوع اثرات تغییر اقلیم، نسبت شاخص نوع I، II و III چای به برنج به ترتیب 4/1، 2/4 و 7/2 محاسبه شد. علاوه بر این، سود اقتصادی محصول برنج در هر هکتار تقریباً 70 درصد بیشتر از چای بوده است، اما سود اقتصادی به ازای هر مترمکعب مصرف آب برنج به دلیل مصرف بالای آب در برنج، تنها 8 درصد بیشتر از چای بوده است. در نهایت، مقایسه شاخص‌های اکو-بهره‌وری موضوعات مختلف نشان داد که کمترین شاخص اکو-بهره‌وری برای تغییر اقلیم و کاهش سوخت‌های فسیلی به‌دست آمد. علاوه بر این، آنالیزها نشان داد که علی-رغم بیشترین اثرات زیست‌محیطی شالیزارهای برنج، به دلیل سود اقتصادی بالاتر نسبت به چای، بیشترین شاخص اکو-بهره‌وری مربوط به شالیزارهای برنج است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Environmental Impacts and Economic Performance of Agricultural Water Distribution and Consumption Systems in Sefidrood Irrigation and Drainage Network

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somaye Janatrostami 1
  • Kave Sadeghpour 2
1 Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Guilan.
2 Department of Water Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This study was done in Sefidrood Irrigation and Drainage Network. Paddy rice and tea gardens were selected as agricultural products. The environmental performance of the system was evaluated by selected environmental impacts categories such as climate change, Eutrophication, etc. Economic performance was also determined by using the total added value of the system's final products, according to water use and the adopted management practices. Finally, the value of area vulnerability was evaluated by assessing the eco-efficiency of these categories. The results showed that the most important environmental impact categories were climate change, human toxicity, aquatic eco-toxicity, and fossil fuels depletion because of high use of fertilizers and chemical pesticides, the combustion of diesel fuels in agricultural machinery and water pumps. So that the ratio percentage of the mentioned parameters were 48.9, 47.9, and 2.4% of the impact values of the climate change group, respectively. Furthermore, type I, II, and III indexes were defined for the environmental impact assessment of tea and rice, by which the tea indices were accordingly higher than those of rice due to their higher environmental impacts. For example, in the climate change group, the ratio of type I, II, and III indexes of tea to rice was calculated to be 1.4, 4.2, and 2.7, respectively. In addition, the economic performance of rice per hectare was approximately 70% more than the one of tea, however, the economic performance per cubic meter of water consumption in rice was only 8% more than the one in tea, due to high water consumption. Finally, the comparison of eco-efficiency indexes of different groups showed that the lowest eco-efficiency was obtained for climate change and fossil fuels depletion. In addition, the analysis showed that despite of the greatest environmental impacts of rice, the highest eco-efficiency index was related to rice due to higher economic performance compared to tea. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Eco-Efficiency
  • Agricultural water systems
  • Environmental impact
  • Economic performance

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 53، شماره 8
آبان 1401
صفحه 1937-1955

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