تأثیر آبیاری تکمیلی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب دو رقم کلزا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کهگیلویه و بویراحمد، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش

2 استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گچساران، ایران.

چکیده

آبیاری تکمیلی به‌عنوان یک ساز وکار سودمند اقتصادی در وضعیت محدودیت آب و افزایش کارایی مصرف آب، مطرح است. این پژوهش با هدف تأثیر آبیاری تکمیلی بر عملکــرد، اجزای عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب کلزا، به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گچساران در دو سال 96- 1395 و 97- 1396 اجراء شد. رژیم‌های آبیاری در چهار سطح (بدون آبیاری (I1)، آبیاری تکمیلی در مرحله گلدهی (I2)، آبیاری تکمیلی در مرحله پرشدن دانه (I3)، آبیاری تکمیلی در مرحله گلدهی + پرشدن دانه (I4)،) در کرت اصلی، ارقام هایولا و شیرالی در کرت‌های فرعی اعمال شد. صفات مورد بررسی شامل تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد زیستی، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت عملکرد روغن و کارایی مصرف آب بودند. نتایج تجزیه آماری (ANOVA) نشان داد با آبیاری تکمیلی تعداد غلاف در بوته از 88 در شرایط دیم به 120 با دو بار آبیاری تکمیلی رسید که معادل36 درصد افزایش داشت. آبیاری تکمیلی شاخص برداشت را از 1/24 به 9/27درصد افزایش داد که معادل 4/12 درصد افزایش بود. با آبیاری تکمیلی عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک افزایش یافت بهﻃﻮری ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ عملکرد دانه از 782 در شرایط دیم به 2378 با دو بار آبیاری تکمیلی و عملکرد بیولوژیک از 3228 به 8350 کیلوگرم در هکتار رسید. بالاترین کارایی مصرف آب (73/0 کیلوگرم در متر مکعب) از تیمار I4 و کم‌ترین آن (39/0 کیلوگرم در متر مکعب) از تیمار I1، به‌دست آمد. در مجموع نتایج نشان داد آبیاری تکمیلی عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، عملکرد روغن و کارایی مصرف آب را به‌ترتیب 83، 12، 7 و 23 درصد افزایش داد. در صورت کشت کلزا در شرایط دیم با انجام آبیاری تکمیلی در دو مرحله گلدهی و پرشدن دانه می‌توان به عملکرد بالایی دست یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of supplemental Irrigation on Yield, Yield Components and Water Use Efficiency of Two Canola Cultivars (Brassica napus L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • raham Mohtashami 1
  • Nosratollah Haidarpour 2
1 Instructor of Seed and Plant Improvement Department, Research and Education Center of Agricultural and Natural Resources of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO), Yasooj, Iran
2 Assistant of Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gachsaran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Supplemental irrigation is considered as a beneficial economic mechanism in the situation of water constraint and increase water use efficiency of canola. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplemental irrigation on yield, yield components and water use efficiency. This research was carried out at split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Gachsaran Agricultural Research Station in 2017-18 and 2018-19. Irrigation regimes applied in four levels (without irrigation (I1), supplemental irrigation at flowering stage (I2), supplemental irrigation at grain filling stage (I3), supplemental irrigation at flowering stage + grain filling (I4)) in main plot, Hyola and Shirali cultivars were sown in the subplot. The studied traits including number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index and water use efficiency. Results of ANOVA showed that the number of pods per plant increased from 88 in rainfed conditions to 120 with two supplemental irrigations, which increased by 36%. The supplemental irrigation increased the harvest index from 24.1 to 27.9 percent, which was an increase of 12.4 percent. Increasing the frequency of supplemental irrigation increased the grain yield and biological yield, so that the two supplemental irrigations increased the average grain yield from 782 in rainfed conditions to 2378 and increased biological yield from 3228 to 8350 kg ha-1. The highest water use efficiency (0.73 kg m3) was obtained from treatment I4 and the lowest (0.39 kg m3) was obtained from treatment I1. Overall, the results showed that supplemental irrigation increased grain yield, oil yield, harvest index and water use efficiency 83, 12, 7, and 23 percent, respectively. In case of canola cultivation in rainfed conditions, high yield can be achieved by supplemental irrigation in two stages of flowering and grain filling.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dryland
  • Flowering
  • Grain Filling
  • Oil Yield

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 53، شماره 8
آبان 1401
صفحه 1773-1784

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