نشان باکتری‎های گشاینده فسفات، قارچ میکوریز و منابع فسفر بر رشد و جذب فسفر نهال‎های پسته

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، کرمان، ایران

2 عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، کرمان، ایران

3 عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

4 عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم و مندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، کرمان، ایران

چکیده

پرکاربردترین روش برآورد نیاز فسفری گیاهان، کاربرد کود‌های شیمیایی فسفری است؛ ولی کارایی پایین، هزینه بالا و پیامدهای زیانبار زیست محیطی دارد. هنگامی‏‎که بتوان با بهره‌گیری از باکتری‌های گشاینده فسفر و قارچ میکوریز فراهمی منابع فسفر را افزایش داد، غلظت فسفر و پارامترهای رشد گیاه نیز ممکن است افزایش یافته و تحول بزرگی در تغذیه فسفری گیاهان ایجاد نماید. هدف پژوهش کنونی، بررسی امکان بهره‌گیری از سویه‌های برتر باکتری‌های گشاینده فسفات جداسازی شده از ریزوسفر درختان پسته، قارچ میکوریز و منابع فسفاته بر رشد و جذب فسفر نهال‎های پسته در شرایط گلخانه‎ای بود. آزمایش به‎گونه فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1398 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل چهار منبع فسفر (شاهد، منو‎کلسیم فسفات، تری‎کلسیم فسفات، خاک فسفات)، چهار سطح باکتری (شاهد،  Serratia odorifera،Pseudomonas fluorescens و Pseudomonas brassicacearum) و دو سطح قارچ میکوریز (شاهد و قارچ میکوریز شامل ترکیب  Funneliformis mosseae، Rhizophagus intradices، Rhizophagus irregularis و Glomus caledonium) بود. تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها برهمکنش باکتری‌های گشاینده فسفر، منابع فسفاتی و قارچ میکوریز بر شاخص‌های رویشی پسته را معنی‌دار نشان داد. هر سه جدایه باکتری پیامدهای مثبتی در افزایش شاخص‎های رویشی داشتند. همچنین مایه‎زنی قارچ میکوریز همراه با مایه‎زنی باکتری افزایش معنی‌دار 44 درصدی وزن خشک ریشه را نشان داد. بیشترین نسبت اندام هوایی به ریشه با کاربرد خاک فسفات و تری‎کلسیم فسفات دیده شد که نسبت به شاهد به‎ترتیب 19 و 37 درصد افزایش یافت. مایه‎زنی نهال‎های پسته با قارچ میکوریز غلظت فسفر ریشه، ساقه و برگ را به‎ترتیب 90، 104 و 122 درصد افزایش داد. بنابراین باکتری‌های گشاینده فسفات به‎ویژه سودوموناس‎ها و قارچ میکوریز نقش بسزایی در افزایش کارایی کود فسفر مورد استفاده و کاهش مصرف کود، افزایش رشد و جذب فسفر نهال‎های پسته را داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria, Mycorrhizae and Phosphorus Sources on the Growth and Phosphorus Uptake of Pistachio Seedlings

نویسندگان [English]

  • ghazaleh sadat Zorriyeh 1
  • Ahmad Tajabadi Pour 2
  • ebrahim adhami 3
  • Payman Abbaszade dahaji 4
1 department of soil science and engineering college of agriculture Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan Kerman Iran
2 department of soil science and engineering college of agriculture Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan Kerman Iran
3 Department of soil science College of agriculture Yasouj University
4 Department of soil science and engineering college of agriculture vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan Kerman Iran
چکیده [English]

The most common method to supply phosphorus for plants is the use of phosphate chemical fertilizers that have low efficiency, high cost and harmful environmental effects. If the availability of phosphorus can be increased by using phosphorus-soluble bacteria and mycorrhiza, the phosphorus concentration and plant growth parameters may also increase and make a major change in the phosphorus nutrition of plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using superior strains of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from rhizosphere of pistachio trees, mycorrhiza and phosphate sources on the growth and phosphorus uptake of pistachio seedlings in greenhouse conditions. The experiment was performed as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2019. Treatments included four sources of phosphorus (control, monocalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, and soil phosphate), four levels of bacteria (control, Serratia odorifera, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas brassicacearum) and two levels of mycorrhiza (control and mycorrhiza (Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intradices, Rhizophagus irregularis and Glomus caledonium)). Analysis of variance of the data showed significant interactions between phosphorus-soluble bacteria, phosphate sources and mycorrhiza on pistachio growth indices. All three bacterial isolates had positive effects on increasing vegetative indices. Also, mycorrhiza inoculation along with bacterial inoculation showed a significant increase of 44% in root dry weight. The highest shoot to root ratio was observed with application of soil phosphate and tricalcium phosphate which increased by 19% and 37% compared to control respectively. Inoculation of pistachio seedlings by mycorrhiza increased root, stem and leaf P concentration by 90%, 104% and 122% respectively. Therefore, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria especially Pseudomonas SP and mycorrhizal fungi played an important role in increasing the efficiency of phosphorus fertilizers and reducing fertilizer use, increasing growth and phosphorus uptake of pistachio seedlings.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pistachio
  • Phosphorus
  • Ceratia
  • Pseudomonas
  • mycorrhiza

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 53، شماره 8
آبان 1401
صفحه 1757-1772

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