میزان آلودگی کروم کل در آب، خاک و محصولات کشاورزی منطقه میامی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش وترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی شاهرود، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش وترویج کشاورزی، شاهرود، ایران

چکیده

کروم از جمله فلزهای سنگین و سمی برای ریز جانداران، حیوان‌ها و گیاهان محسوب می­شود که در صورت استفاده از منابع آن، به یک آلاینده جدی محیط‌زیست تبدیل خواهد شد. غلظت­های بالای کروم به‌عنوان عاملی تنش­زا برای گیاهان به شمار می­رود که می­تواند به‌عنوان یک عامل محدودکننده رشد، خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گیاهان را تحت‌تأثیر قرار دهد. باتوجه‌به وجود معدن فعال کرومیت در منطقه فرومد شهرستان میامی استان سمنان، این تحقیق برای تعیین وضعیت آلودگی کروم در منابع آب، خاک منطقه و نمونه‌های گیاهی انجام شده است. براین‌اساس و برای شناخت، اقدام به نمونه‌گیری هم‌زمان از کلیه منابع آب منطقه اعم از چاه، چشمه و قنات شده و علاوه بر تجزیه کیفی و تعیین عناصر (آنیون‌ها و کاتیون‌ها)، اقدام به تعیین میزان غلظت عنصر کروم کل در آزمایشگاه تخصصی مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب کشور گردید. نتایج حاکی از وجود کانون‌های آلودگی در مناطق فرومد، پل ابریشم، استربند، کلاته سادات است. نمونه‌گیری از محصولات زراعی، باغی و گیاهان دارویی منطقه، نشان داد که میزان جذب کروم در گیاه فلفل به‌عنوان محصول شاخص ملی منطقه، کمتر از حد مجاز بوده (کمتر از 1 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) و نگرانی‌‎های اولیه را تا حد زیادی برطرف نموده است. میزان جذب کروم کل در محصول پسته و گلابی نیز در حد مجاز است که می‌توانند در برنامه کشت منطقه موردتوجه قرار گیرند. ازآنجایی‌که میزان جذب کروم در دانه کنجد، گندم، یونجه، محصول انجیر و برخی محصولات بالاتر از حد مجاز است، بایستی از طریق سیاست‌های تشویقی برای اصلاح الگوی کشت و جایگزینی آن با محصولات آلوده اقدام گردد. آلودگی منابع خاک منطقه به کروم در 32 نقطه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و نتایج نشان داد که تقریباً تمامی انواع نمونه‌های خاک بیش از حد مجاز دچار آلودگی کروم هستند (دامنه 386-142 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم). نتایج نشان داد که میزان غلظت کروم کل در چهار نمونه آب شرب فرومد و پل ابریشم قبل از تصفیه  5/123، 2/107، 127 و 6/110 میکروگرم در لیتر بعد از تصفیه صفر، 7/6، صفر و 2/4 میکروگرم در لیتر بوده است که حاکی از اثربخش بودن به‌کارگیری روش اسمز معکوس در تصفیه آب برای مصارف شرب و کشاورزی خانگی می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Chromium Contamination in Water, Soil and Agricultural Products of Mayamey Area

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Reza Tavakoli 1
  • Bahman Yargholi 1
  • Ahmad Akhyani 2
1 Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
2 Assistant Professor Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre of Semnan province (Shahrood), Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Shahrood, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Chromium is one of the heavy and toxic metals for microorganisms, animals, and plants, which the use of the sources that contain them may lead to serious environmental pollutants. High concentrations of chromium are considered a stress factor for plants that can affect plants' physiological and biochemical properties as a growth-limiting factor. Due to an active chromite mine in the Forumad area of ​​Mayamey city, Semnan province, this research is to determine the status of chromium contamination in water resources, the soil of the region, and plant samples. Regarding the mentioned issue and for the identification, simultaneously sampling of all water resources in the region, including wells, springs, and aqueducts, are implemented. Besides the qualitative analysis and determination of ions (anions and cations), the total chromium concentration is investigated in the Soil and Water Research Institute. The results indicate pollution centers in the areas of Forumad, Pole Abrisham, Estarband, Kalateh-ye Sadat. A sampling of crops, horticulture, and medicinal plants in the region showed that the amount of chromium adsorption in pepper as a national index product of the region was less than the allowable limitation (less than 1 mg/kg), and the initial concerns were largely resolved. The absorption of total chromium in pistachio and pear crops is also within the allowable range, considered in the region's cultivation program. Since the absorption of chromium in sesame seeds, wheat, alfalfa, figs, and some crops is higher than the allowable level, incentive policies should be implemented to improve the cultivation pattern and replace it with contaminated crops. Contamination of soil sources in the region with chromium was investigated at 32 points. The results showed that almost all soil samples are more contaminated with chromium (range 386-142 mg/kg). The results showed that the concentration of total chromium in the four samples sent from Forumad and the Pole Abrisham before treatment was 123.5, 107.2, 127, and 110.6 μg / l after treatment of zero, 6.7, zero, and 4.2 μg / l, which indicates the use of reverse osmosis in drinking water.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chromium concentration
  • Forumad
  • Pollution
  • Total chromium adsorption
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