بررسی تأثیر زمان بر کاربرد بیوچار حاصل از کاه و کلش برنج بر برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک لوم رسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه شهرکرد- شهرکرد- ایران.

2 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.

3 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

بیوچار یک  ترکیب آلی غنی از کربن است که اخیراً، استفاده از آن به‌عنوان اصلاح‌کننده خاک توصیه می‌شود. پژوهش­های اندکی در­ زمینه اثر مقدار بیوچار و اثر زمان بعد از افزودن بیوچار بر ویژگی­های فیزیکی خاک انجام شده است. این پژوهش در  سال 1398در دانشگاه شهرکرد، با هدف بررسی اثرات درازمدت کاربرد مقادیر مختلف بیوچار حاصل از کاه و کلش برنج  بر چگالی ظاهری خاک (bρ)، تخلخل کل خاک (n)، تخلخل تهویه­ای (AFP)، تخلخل مویین (CP)، میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه­های خشک (MWDdry) و تر (MWDwet)  خاک لوم رسی انجام شد. این آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با فاکتور بیوچار در چهار سطح صفر (B0)، 5/0(B1)، 1 (B2)، 2 (B3) درصد وزنی و فاکتور زمان در چهار سطح  2 (T1)، 3 (T2)، 6 (T3) و 9 (T4) ماه پس از افزودن بیوچار به خاک در سه تکرار به‌صورت آزمایش گلخانه‌ای اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که دو ماه بعد از افزودن بیوچار کاه و کلش برنج، bρ 6٪ نسبت به شاهد کاهش یافت؛ درحالی‌که در همان زمان میزان n،  MWDdry و MWDwet به ترتیب 3٪، 11٪ و 13٪ نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. مقایسه میانگین­ها نشان داد که کمترین bρ در B1T2، بیشترین n، AFP و CP به­ترتیب در B1T2، B0T1 و B1T3 و بیشترین MWDdry و MWDwet به­ترتیب در B3T4 و B0T4 مشاهده شد. به­طورکلی، بیوچار کاه و کلش برنج ویژگی­های فیزیکی مورد بررسی خاک را بهبود بخشید. برای بروز اثر بیوچار بر بهبود ویژگی­های فیزیکی خاک، زمان­های متفاوتی موردنیاز است. بر اساس یافته­های این پژوهش، مقدار 1٪ بیوچار کاه و کلش برنج می­تواند برای اصلاح­ پایدار ویژگی­های فیزیکی خاک لوم رسی استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of time on application of rice straw biochar on some physical properties of clay loam soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • fatemeh tadi beni 1
  • Ahmad Karimi 2
  • Hassan Osooli 3
1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University , Shahrekord, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Soil Science and Engineeringm, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrkord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
3 East Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Biochar is a carbon-rich organic compound that has recently been recommended for use as a soil conditioner. Little research has been done on the effect of biochar amount and elapsed time after biochar addition on soil physical properties. This research performed at Shahrekord University, in 2018. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of different amount of rice straw biochar on soil bulk density (ρb), total porosity (n), mean weight diameter of dry (MWDdry) and wet (MWDwet) aggregates, air filled porosity (AFP) and capillary porosity (CP) of clay loam soil. This experiment was performed as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications in a greenhouse. Biochar have four levels of zero as control (B0), 0.5 (B1), 1 (B2) and 2 (B3) weight percentage and the time have four levels of 2 (T1), 3 (T2), 6 (T3) and 9 (T4) months after biochar adding to the soil. The results indicated that two months after adding rice straw to the soil, ρb decreased by 6% compared to the control. At the same time, ‘n’, ‘MWDdry’ and ‘MWDwet’ increased by 3, 11 and 13%, respectively, compared to the control. Means comparison showed that the lowest ρb was obtained in B1T2, the highest ‘n’, ‘AFP’ and ‘CP’ were obtained in B1T2, B0T1 and B1T3, respectively, and the highest ‘MWDdry’ and ‘MWDwet’ were obtained in B3T4 and B0T4 respectively. Different times are needed for the effect of biochar on soil physical properties improvement. Based on the findings of this study, 1% of rice straw biochar can be used to durabil improvement of the physical properties of clay loam soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biochar
  • Bulk density
  • Capillary porosity
  • Soil structure stability
  • Total porosity

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 53، شماره 4
تیر 1401
صفحه 809-820

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