تثبیت کادمیوم در خاک آلوده با استفاده از نانوبیوچار اصلاح شده با آهن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 استاد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

3 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

تجمع فلزات سنگین در سال­های اخیر به­دلیل فعالیت­های بشری در حال افزایش است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر نانوبیوچار و نانوبیوچار اصلاح شده با آهن، تهیه شده از گیاه نی بر تحرک و توزیع شکل­های شیمیایی کادمیوم در یک خاک آلوده بود. این پژوهش در سال 1400-1399 به­صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل، با دو فاکتور شامل نوع جاذب (در چهار سطح شامل بیوچار، بیوچار اصلاح شده، نانوبیوچار و نانوبیوچار اصلاح شده) و کاربرد بیوچار (در سه سطح شامل صفر، 5/0 و 1 درصد وزنی) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی، در سه تکرار و در شرایط آزمایشگاهی انجام شد. پس از اعمال تیمارها، نمونه­های خاک به­مدت 90 روز در شرایط انکوباسیون نگه­داری شدند. در پایان آزمایش غلظت قابل دسترس و شکل­های شیمیایی کادمیوم اندازه­گیری شد. همچنین فاکتور تحرک کادمیوم تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد در اثر کاربرد تمامی جاذب­ها (به­ویژه در سطح 1 درصد وزنی) غلظت کادمیوم قابل دسترس خاک، کادمیوم تبادلی و کادمیوم پیوند شده با کربنات­ها به­طور معنی­داری کاهش یافت، در حالی­که کادمیوم پیوند شده با اکسیدهای آهن و منگنز، کادمیوم پیوند شده با مواد آلی و کادمیوم باقی­مانده در خاک، به­طور معنی­داری (05/0> P) افزایش یافت. بطوریکه مقدار کادمیوم قابل دسترس در تیمار 1 درصد نانوبیوچار اصلاح شده در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد 37/26 درصد کاهش یافت. نتایج همچنین نشان داد تیمار نانوبیوچار در تثبیت کادمیوم و کاهش تحرک آن در خاک مؤثرتر از بیوچار اولیه بود. افزون بر این، بیوچار و نانوبیوچار اصلاح شده در مقایسه با بیوچارهای اولیه کارایی بالاتری در ثبیت کادمیوم در خاک داشتند.  به­طورکلی نتایج نشان داد نانوبیوچار نی و نانوبیوچار نی اصلاح شده با کلرید آهن، می­توانند جاذب­های مناسبی برای تثبیت کادمیوم در خاک­های آلوده باشند.  

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Cadmium immobilization in contaminated soil by nano-biohar and Fe-modified nano-biochar

نویسندگان [English]

  • Neda Moradi 1
  • Abdolamir Moezzi 2
  • Shila Khajavi-Shojaei 1
  • Pardis Khaji 3
1 Department of soil science, faculty of agriculture, shahid chamran university of ahvaz
2 Professor, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In the past few decades, accumulation of heavy metals in soils has increased as a result of human activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of common reed nano-biochar and Fe-modified nano-biochar on cadmium (Cd) mobility and fractionation in a Cd-contaminated soil. This study was carried out in 1399-1400 as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors including absorbent type (at four levels including biochar, modified biochar, nano-biochar and modified nano-biochar), and biochar application levels (0, 0.5 and 1% w/w) in three replications under laboratory conditions. After treatments’ application, the soil samples were incubated for 90 days. At the end of incubation period, Cd availability and fractionation were measured and Cd mobility factor was determined. The results indicated that with the application of all absorbents (especially at 1% w/w level), concentration of available Cd, exchangeable and Cd bound to carbonate fraction were significantly decreased, while Cd bound to Fe-Mn oxides, Cd bound to organic matter and residue fraction of Cd significantly (P<0.05) increased. The Cd availability in modified nano-biochar treatment (1%) decreased by 26.37 % compared to the control. Results also indicated that nano-biochar had a more significant impact than raw biochar on the immobilization of Cd and decrease its mobility in the soil. In addition, modified-biochar and nano-biochar had more efficiency than raw biochars on the Cd stabilization in the soil. In general, the results revealed that common reed nano-biochar and modified nano-biochar with FeCl2 can be suitable absorbent for stabilization of Cd in contaminated soils.  

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil contamination
  • Organic absorbent
  • Cadmium availability
  • mobility factor
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