ارزیابی خصوصیات و تکامل هیدروژئوشیمیایی آبخوان مشهد-چناران با مدل سازی ژئوشیمیایی معکوس در Phreeqc

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات آبهای زیرزمینی و ژئوترمال (متآب)، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 گروه زمین شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 پژوهشکده مطالعات و تحقیقات منابع آب، موسسه تحقیقات آب، تهران، ایران

چکیده

حوضه آبریز آبخوان مشهد-چناران دارای سازندهای زمین‌شناسی متنوع (آذرین، دگرگونی، کربناته، غیرکربناته و آبرفت ها) و تاثیرگذار بر کیفیت و تیپ آبهای زیرزمینی می باشد. بررسی میانگین آماری کیفیت آب بیش از 1000 نمونه منابع آب انتخابی (چشمه، قنات و چاه) از سال 1366 الی 1399 و بکارگیری تکنیک‌های هیدروژئوشیمیایی نشان می‌دهد که تیپ غالب آب خروجی از سازندهای آذرین، دگرگونی، رسوبی کربناته-رسوبی غیرکربناته و آبرفت‌ها به ترتیب CaNaHCO3، CaHCO3، CaMgCl و NaCl می‌باشند. در سنگ‌های آذرین و دگرگونی انحلال کانی‌های سیلیکاته، پلاژیوکلازها (آلبیت و آنورتیت) و فلدسپارها باعث افزایش غلظت Ca+2 و Na+ در آب می‌شوند. اما در سازندهای رسوبی کربناته و غیرکربناته بدلیل انحلال کلسیت و دولومیت و تبخیری‌ها، یونهای Ca+2 و Mg+2 و Cl- در آب غالب می‌‌باشند. بررسی میانگین داده‌های کیفی طولانی مدت و داده‌های شهریور 1399 در 14 پیزومتر دشت، نشان می‌دهد، هر چند که آب های زیرزمینی در محل تغذیه از کوه های اطراف دارای تیپ آب متغیر می‌باشد، اما در طول جهت جریان، بجز منطقه شمال غرب که تحت تاثیر سازند تبخیری (Jks) سدیم کلراید است، تیپ غالب آب سولفات سدیم می‌باشد. در آبخوان آبرفتی، کانیهای کلسیت، دولومیت و آراگونیت فوق اشباع و کانیهای ژیپس، انیدریت و هالیت تحت اشباع می باشند. نتایج مدل معکوس هیدروژئوشیمیایی در نرم‌افزار Phreeqc، نشان می‌دهد که ترکیبات حل شده در آب زیرزمینی منابع آب گروه دوم حاصل انحلال کانیهای کلسیت و دولومیت و آلبیت در گروه اول می باشد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of characteristics and hydrogeochemical evolution of Mashhad-Chenaran aquifer by inverse geochemical modeling in Phreeqc

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Mohammadzadeh 1
  • Javad Hussainzadeh 2
  • Saeideh Samani 3
1 Groundwater & Geothermal Research Center (GRC),, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of Earth science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 Research Institute for Water Resources Studies and Research, Water Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Mashhad-Chenaran aquifer catchment covered by various geological formations (igneous, metamorphic, carbonate, non-carbonate and alluvium) which effects on the quality and the type of groundwater. Statistical analysis of water quality of more than 1000 samples of selected water resources (springs, qanats and wells) from 1987 to 2020 and the application of hydrogeochemical techniques shows that the dominant type of water discharge from igneous, metamorphic, carbonate, non-carbonate, non-carbonate and alluvial are CaNaHCO3, CaHCO3, CaMgCl and NaCl, respectively. In igneous and metamorphic rocksm the dissolution of silicate and plagioclase (albite and anorthite) minerals and feldspars increases the Ca+2 and Na+ in water. However, in carbonate and non-carbonate sedimentary formations, Ca+2, Mg+2 and Cl- ions are dominant in water due to the dissolution of calcite, dolomite and evaporation. Investigation of the average of long-term quality data and 14 piezometric in the plain shows that, although groundwater due to recharging from surrounding mountains has varius water types, but along the flow direction, except the northwest region which is affected by evaporation (Jks) and has sodium chloride, the dominant type of water is sodium sulfate. In the alluvial aquifer, the calcite, dolomite and aragonite minerals are supersaturated and the gypsum, anhydrite and halite minerals are saturated. The inverse hydrogeochemical model results in Phreeqc software, indicate that the dissolved materials in water in the second group results from the dissolution of calcite, dolomite and albite minerals in the first group.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Groundwater quality
  • Mashhad-Chenaran aquifer
  • Inverse hydrogeochemical model
  • Phreeqc
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