ارزیابی تثبیت خاک سطحی متأثر از خاکپوش‎های آلی و معدنی نوترکیب با استفاده از کرت‎های فرسایشی و پروفایل‎متر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 استادیار گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز،اهواز، ایران

3 گروه شیمی- دانشکده علوم- دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز- اهواز- ایران

چکیده

فرسایش بادی از بارزترین عوامل تخریب خاک در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک است. استفاده از خاکپوش یکی از راهبردهای مدیریتی برای حفاظت سطح خاک و کنترل فرسایش بادی است. پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور بررسی اثر خاکپوش‎های تولیدی نوترکیب آلی و معدنی بر ویژگی‎های فیزیکی و هیدرولیکی خاک در منطقه کوپال استان خوزستان انجام شد. این خاکپوش‎ها شامل خاکپوش آلی (O) در سه سطح O1، O2 و O3 با نسبت‎های ترکیبی از زغال‎زیستی باگاس نیشکر، ژلاتین و صمغ عربی، خاکپوش معدنی (M) در دو سطح M1 و M2 از خاکپوش MNF و خاکپوش هیدروژل نانوسیلیس (H) در دو سطح H1 و H2 از هیدروژل نانوسیلیس بودند که در کرت‎های فرسایشی به ابعاد 50×30 سانتی‎متر، از اردیبهشت تا مرداد ماه سال 1399 اعمال شدند. سپس در هر کرت پروفایل‎متر نصب شد. ارزیابی‎ها نشان داد بعد از گذشت چهار ماه، استفاده از خاکپوش‎ها اثر معنی‎داری در بهبود ویژگی‎های فیزیکی و هیدرولیکی خاک داشتند. تیمارهای O3 و O2 بیش‎ترین اثر را بر افزایش MWD خاک، به‌ترتیب با مقادیر 49/2 میلی‎متر و 45/2 میلی‎متر نشان دادند. کربن آلی خاک (SOC) از 2/0 درصد در تیمار شاهد به 92/0 درصد در تیمار O3 افزایش یافت. کم‎ترین اثر در تیمار H1 با 5/0 درصد SOC مشاهده شد. بیش‎ترین میزان نگه‎داشت رطوبت در خاک در تمام نقاط رطوبتی مربوط به تیمار O3 بود. به علاوه میزان خاک هدر رفته با کم‎ترین مقدار در تیمار O3 t/km.y) 1490) مشاهده شد و بیش‎ترین میزان آن مربوط به تیمار شاهد (t/km.y 6028) بود. ماده‎آلی موجود در خاکپوش‎ها به دلیل دارا بودن اثر اتصال‎دهندگی، قادر به بهبود و افزایش فرآیند خاکدانه‎سازی و کاهش تلفات خاک می‎شود. به‎طور کلی خاکپوش آلی دارای اثرات چسبانندگی و زره‎دار کردن سطح خاک است. پیشنهاد می‎شود اثر افزودنی‎های نوظهور حاصل از مواد تبدیلی مانند بازانیت در خاک‎های حساس به فرسایش در مقیاس عرصه‎ای نیز ارزیابی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Soil Surface Stabilization Affected by Organic and Mineral Mulches Using Erosional Plots and Profile Meter

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Rizehbandi 1
  • Ataallah Khademalrasoul 2
  • Mehdi Taghavi zahedkolaei 3
1 Dep of soil science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz
2 Assistant Professor of Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 chemistry department- science faculty- Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz- Ahvaz-Iran
چکیده [English]

Wind erosion is one of the most dominant soil degradation factors in semi-arid and arid regions. Mulching is a management scenario to protect the soil surface. The present research accomplished to assess the efficacy of some organic and inorganic mulch on soil physical and hydraulic properties in the Kupal region of Khuzestan province. These mulches consist of organic mulch (O) at three levels O1, O2 and O3 at combined ratios of sugarcane bagasse, gelatin and gum arabic, mineral mulch (M) at two levels M1 and M2 from MNF mulch and Nanosilica hydrogel (H) mulch was made of nanosilica hydrogel at two levels H1 and H2, which were applied to the erosional plots with the size of 50 × 30 cm in May 2020, profile meters installed in each plot. After four months, applying the mulches had significant effects to improve the physical and hydraulic properties of the soil. The O3 and O2 treatments demonstrated the highest effect on soil MWD, by the value of 2.49 mm, and 2.45 mm, respectively. Soil organic carbon (SOC) increased from 0.2% in the control treatment to 0.92% in the O3 treatment. The H1 treatment depicted the lowest effect on SOC by the value of 0.50%. The biggest amount of soil water content in all moisture points was related to the O3 treatment. The lowest amount of soil loss was observed in O3 treatment (1490 ton / km.year) and the highest value was related to the control treatment (6028 ton / km.year). The organic matter in the mulches due to its binding effect was able to improve aggregation process. To conclude the binding and armoring effect are the main effects of organic mulch. Organic matter in mulches, due to its binding effect, is able to improve and increase the agglomeration process and reduce soil losses.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Armoring effect
  • erosional plots
  • hydraulic properties
  • mulching
  • Profile meter
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