مقایسه مدل ارزیابی آسیب‌پذیری آبخوان (سینتکس) به نیترات با مدل عددی سه‌بعدی (مورد مطالعاتی آبخوان دشت ورامین)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

آب­های زیرزمینی در مناطق خشکی همچون ایران، سهم بسیار زیادی در تأمین آب آشامیدنی و کشاورزی دارند. یکی از خطرهایی که آینده بهره­برداری از منابع آب زیرزمینی را تهدید می­کند، آلودگی این منابع توسط مواد زیان­آور است. در حال حاضر حدود 60 درصد از مصارف آب منطقه دشت ورامین و کل حجم آب مصرفی در بخش شرب از منابع زیرزمینی تأمین می­گردد. یکی از راه­های مناسب جهت جلوگیری از آلودگی آب­های زیرزمینی شناسایی مناطق آسیب­پذیر آبخوان است که از مدل SINTACS برای ارزیابی آسیب‌پذیری آبخوان دشت ورامین استفاده شده است. این روش از هفت پارامتر تشکیل شده که پس از ترکیب پارامترها، نقشه شاخص آسیب‌پذیری به دست می­آید. شاخص این روش بین 92 تا 168 متغیر می­باشد که در رسوبات جاجرود واقع در شمال دشت آسیب‌پذیری زیاد و در اراضی جنوب شرقی روستای جلیل­آباد در شرق دشت و اراضی پایاب دشت آسیب‌پذیری کم و مابقی دشت دارای آسیب‌پذیری متوسط می­باشد. برای ارزیابی نتایج مدل مذکور از مدل عددی سه­بعدی استفاده شد و مدل برای یک دوره یک‌ساله اعتبارسنجی شد که دقت مدل ساخته شده مناسب ارزیابی گردید. در این مدل آلاینده نیترات به‌عنوان عامل آلوده­کننده آبخوان در نظر گرفته شد. به‌منظور صحت­سنجی آسیب‌پذیری ذاتی و ویژه مدل SINTACS، از خروجی نیترات مدل استفاده گردید، مقدار مجذور همبستگی نتایج حدود 65 درصد به دست آمد که همبستگی خوبی را نشان می­دهد. باتوجه‌به اهمیت نقش آبخوان دشت ورامین در تأمین آب موردنیاز منطقه، حفاظت کمی و کیفی این آبخوان از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار می‌باشد. همچنین جهت کاهش غلظت یون نیترات منطقه موردمطالعه راهکارهای درازمدت ازجمله اصلاح ساختار کشاورزی و الگوی کشت منطقه و احداث شبکه جمع‌آوری و تصفیه‌خانه فاضلاب پیشنهاد می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of the SINTACS Aquifer Vulnerability Model to Nitrate with Three-Dimensional Numerical Model (Case Study of Varamin Plain Aquifer)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Arezoo Noghreyan
  • Jamal Mohamadvali Samani
  • Mehdi Mazaheri
Department of Water Engineering and Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University
چکیده [English]

Groundwater in arid regions such as Iran plays a very large role in drinking water supply and agriculture. One of the threats to the future of groundwater exploitation, could be the contamination of these resources by harmful substances. At present, about 60% of the water consumption of Varamin plain region and the total volume of water consumption in the drinking sector is provided from groundwater sources. One of the best ways to prevent groundwater pollution is to identify vulnerable aquifer areas. The SINTACS model has been used to assess the vulnerability of the Varamin plain aquifer. This method consists of seven parameters that after combining the parameters, the vulnerability index map is obtained. The index of this method varies between 92 and 168.Results show that the north of the plain is very vulnerable and vulnerability is low in the south-eastern parts of Jalilabad village and downstream areas of the plain, while the rest of the plain has moderate vulnerability. A three-dimensional numerical model was used to evaluate the results of the model and the model was validated for a period of one year. The accuracy of the constructed model was evaluated as appropriate. In this model, nitrate contaminant was considered as an aquifer contaminant. In order to validate the inherent and special vulnerability of the SINTACS model, the nitrate output of the model was used, The correlation square of the results was about 65%, which shows a good agreement between the two models even thogh the numerical model is considered as micro- model compared to SINTACS one. Considering the role of the aquifer of Varamin plain in supplying the required water of the region, the quantitative and qualitative protection of this aquifer is a necessary and strongly recommonded. Also, in order to reduce the nitrate ion concentration in the study area, long-term solutions such as improving the agricultural structure and cultivation pattern of the area and constructing a collection network and wastewater treatment plant are proposed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nitrate
  • Vulnerability
  • Groundwater
  • Evaluation
  • 3D Numerical Model

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 53، شماره 1
فروردین 1401
صفحه 15-31

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