اثر شدت تخریب پوشش گیاهی چوبی بر شاخص‌های سلامت خاک سطحی منطقه خانیکان نوشهر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی نور، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس

3 شهرداری نوشهر

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر شدت­های مختلف تخریب (کم، متوسط و زیاد) رویشگاه بر ویژگی­های زیستی خاک، به­عنوان شاخص­های اصلی سلامت خاک، در جنگل خانیکان نوشهر انجام شد. بدین منظور از هر یک از شدت­های مختلف تخریب، 12 نمونه خاک سطحی (عمق 10-0 سانتی­متری) به آزمایشگاه انتقال داده شد. همچنین، به­منظور سنجش لایه­بندی ماده آلی، نمونه­های خاک علاوه بر عمق 10-0 سانتی­متری از عمق 20-10 سانتی­متری هم گرفته شد. به­منظور بررسی وجود و یا عدم وجود تفاوت آماری معنی­دار مشخصه­های مورد مطالعه در شدت­های مختلف تخریب رویشگاه از آزمون تجزیه واریانس یکطرفه در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و برای بررسی روابط چندگانه از تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی استفاده شد. مطابق با نتایج، بیشترین زی­توده­های درشت­ریشه و ریزریشه، تعداد و زی­توده­های کرم­های خاکی اپی­ژئیک­ها و آنسئیک­ها، تعداد و زی­توده کل کرم­های خاکی، جمعیت کنه­ها، پادمان­ها، نماتدها، پروتوزوئرها، باکتری­ها و قارچ­ها، زیتوده­های میکروبی نیتروژن و فسفر و فعالیت آنزیم­های (اوره­آز، اسید فسفاتاز، آریل­سولفاتاز و اینورتاز) خاک در رویشگاه­هایی با شدت تخریب کم مشاهده شد. تعداد و زی­توده اندوژئیک­ها تفاوت آماری معنی­داری را در بوم­سامانه­های مورد مطالعه نشان نداده­اند، در حالی که رویشگاه­هایی با شدت­های تخریب کم و متوسط دارای بیشترین مقادیر تنفس پایه، تنفس برانگیخته و زیتوده میکروبی کربن خاک بوده­اند. نتایج تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی حاکی از آنست که شاخص­های حاصل­خیزی (نسبت کربن به نیتروژن و فسفر قابل جذب، کلسیم و منیزیم قابل جذب، پتاسیم قابل جذب) و محتوی رس خاک به ترتیب بیشترین تاٌثیر را بر شاخص­های زیستی خاک داشته­اند که تحت تاٌثیر مدیریت رویشگاه می­باشند.  

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Forest Degradation Intensity on Topsoil Health Indicators in Khanikan Region of Nowshahr

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yahya Kooch 1
  • Mehrdad Zarafshar 2
  • Zakaria Parandosh 3
1 Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University
2 Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
3 Nowshahr Municipality
چکیده [English]

This study aimed to investigate the effect of different intensities (i.e., light, moderate, and heavy) of habitat degradation on soil biological characteristics as the main indicators of soil health in the Khanikan forest of Nowshahr. For this purpose, from each of the different intensities of degradation, 12 samples of topsoil (0-10 cm depth) were transferred to the laboratory. Also, in order to measure the stratification ratio of organic matter, soil samples were taken from a depth of 10-20 cm in addition to 0-10 cm depth. In order to investigate the presence or absence of statistically significant differences between the studied characteristics in different intensities of habitat degradation, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test in a completely randomized design was employed. In addition, principal component analysis was used to study multiple relationships. According to the results, the highest values ​​of coarse and fine root biomass, number and biomass of epigeics and anecics, number and biomass of total earthworms and the populations of Acarina, collembola, nematodes, protozoa, bacteria and fungi, nitrogen and phosphorus microbial biomass and enzyme (i.e. urease, acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and invertase) activities were found in forest cover with light degradation intensity. The number and biomass of endogeics did not show a statistically significant difference in the studied ecosystems, while forest stands with light and moderate degradation intensities had the highest values ​​of basal soil respiration, substrate-induced respiration, and carbon microbial biomass. Principal component analysis results indicate that fertility indices (C/N ratio and available P, available Ca and Mg, available K) and clay content had the greatest effect 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forest ecosystem
  • soil properties
  • earthworm ecological groups
  • microbial and enzymatic activities
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