اثر آبیاری با پساب تصفیه‌شده مغناطیسی بر خصوصیات شیمیایی و فلزات سنگین خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی زارعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

با توجه با افزایش روزافزون جمعیت و محدودیت منابع غذایی، سهم دسترسی به منابع آب و خاک مطلوب کشاورزی رو به کاهش بوده و بشر را با چالش بزرگ امنیت غذایی و بحران­های منطقه­ای و بین­المللی روبه­رو کرده است. سمیت فلزات سنگین در گیاهان سبب بروز اختلالاتی در گیاه شده که در نهایت ممکن است سبب کاهش رشد گیاه گردد. یکی از روش­هایی که می­توان برای اصلاح خاک استفاده نمود، کاربرد آب مغناطیسی است. در این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیر استفاده از پساب تصفیه‌شده مغناطیسی بر خصوصیات شیمیایی و ردیابی فلزات سنگین خاک پرداخته شد. بدین منظور، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1399 در شهرستان بابلسر انجام شد. تیمارها شامل آبیاری با آب چاه (W1)، آبیاری با اختلاط 25 درصد پساب و 75 درصد آب چاه (W2)، آبیاری با اختلاط 50 درصد پساب و 50 درصد آب چاه (W3)، آبیاری با اختلاط 75 درصد پساب و 25 درصد آب چاه (W4)، آبیاری با 100 درصد پساب (W5) در شرایط اعمال میدان مغناطیسی (I1) و بدون میدان مغناطیسی (I2) بود. نتایج نشان داد که اثر نوع آبیاری و اختلاط آب و پساب بر هدایت الکتریکی، املاح و فلزات سنگین خاک در عمق­های مختلف در سطح احتمال 1 درصد معنی­دار شد. به طور متوسط، آبیاری با آب مغناطیسی باعث کاهش 43/30 درصدی هدایت الکتریکی، کاهش 25/35 درصدی سرب و کاهش 11/56 درصدی مدار کادمیوم در پروفیل خاک شد. در تیمارهای با درصد اختلاط بیشتر پساب، مقدار املاح در عمق­های مختلف خاک افزایش یافت که به دلیل مقادیر بیشتر عناصر به ویژه فلزات سنگین موجود در پساب مورد استفاده بود. بنابراین با استفاده از فن­آوری مغناطیسی می­توان برای کاهش املاح و فلزات سنگین خاک، شرایط را برای کشت بهتر از لحاظ کاهش سمیت گیاهان به جذب فلزات سنگین مهیا نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Irrigation with Magnetically Treated Effluent on Chemical Properties and Soil Heavy Metals

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mojtaba Khoshravesh 1
  • Seyedeh Mahsa Hosseini 1
  • Masoud Pourgholam-Amiji 2
1 1- Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
2 Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Increase in population and limitation of food resources, leads to decline accessing to agricultural water and soil resources and faced human beings with the great challenge of food security and regional and international crises. Disorders in the plant due to heavy metal toxicity in plants may eventually reduce plant growth. One of the methods that can be applyed to remediate the soil is using of magnetic water. In this study, the effect of using magnetically treated effluent on the chemical properties and traceability of soil heavy metals was investigated. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2020 at Babolsar city. Treatments include: irrigation with well water (W1), irrigation with mixing 25% of effluent and 75% of well water (W2), irrigation with the mixing of 50% of effluent and 50% of well water (W3), irrigation with mixing of 75% of effluent and 25% of water Well (W4), irrigation with 100% effluent (W5) under magnetic field (I1) and without magnetic field (I2). The results showed that the effect of irrigation type and water and effluent mixing on electrical conductivity, solutes, and heavy metals in the soil at different depths was significant at 1% probability level. On average, irrigation with magnetic water reduced electrical conductivity by 30.43%, lead by 35.25%, and cadmium by 56.11% in the soil profile. In treatments with higher effluent mixing percentages, the number of solutes increased in different soil depths, which was due to higher amounts of elements, especially heavy metals in the effluent. Therefore, by using magnetic technology to reduce the solutes and heavy metals in the soil, provided the conditions for better cultivation in terms of reducing the toxicity of plants due to less absorbtion of heavy metals.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil Remediation
  • Lead
  • Cadmium
  • Water and Effluent Mixing
  • Magnetic Field
Abedi-Koupai, J., Khoshravesh, M., & Zanganeh, M. E. (2013). Distribution of moisture and salinity under deficit irrigation and irrigation water salinity in an alternative trickle irrigation system of tape. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, 13(2), 394-402.
Abedi-Koupai, J., Matin, N., & Javahery Tehrani, M. (2015). Uptake of cadmium by cress, lettuce and tomato in Cd-contaminated soil, Journal of Soil and Plant Interactions, 6(21), 41-53. (In Farsi)
Ahmed, D. A., & Slima, D. F. (2018). Heavy metal accumulation by Corchorus olitorius L. irrigated with wastewater. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(15), 14996-15005.
Alloway, B. J. (2001). Heavy metal in soil. New York: John Wiley and sons. Inc; 2001. P.20-28.
Amindin, A. (2012). Use of treated municipal wastewater in drip irrigation and its effect on physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Master Thesis in Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University. (In Farsi)
Arfaeinia, H., Ranjbar Vakilabadi, D., Seifi, M., Asadgol, Z., & Hashemi, S. E. (2016). Study of Concentrations and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Resulting From the Consumption of Agriculture Product in Different Farms of Dayyer City, Bushehr. Iranian South Medical Journal, 19(5), 839-854. (In Farsi)
Arora, M., Kiran, B., Rani, S., Rani, A., Kaur, B., & Mittal, N. (2008). Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables irrigated with water from different sources. Food chemistry, 111(4), 811-815.
Ataee, A., Ebrahimi, N., Asadi, H., & Gorji, M. (2021). Organic Pollutants of Sewage Sludge, Fate in Soil and their Analytical Methods. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 52(2), 577-595. (In Farsi)
Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G. ... & Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British journal of sports medicine, 54(24), 1451-1462.
Chen, Z. F., Zhao, Y., Zhu, Y., Yang, X., Qiao, J., Tian, Q., & Zhang, Q. (2010). Health risks of heavy metals in sewage‐irrigated soils and edible seeds in Langfang of Hebei province, China. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 90(2), 314-320.
Dehghani, R., Forghani, A., & Ashrafzadeh. A. (2012). The effect of irrigation with wastewater of Anzali water treatment plant on some chemical properties of soil and corn plant. Master Thesis in Soil Fertility and Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan. (In Farsi)
Hatamian, L., Rafati, M., & Farsad, F. (2020). Effect of irrigation with wastewater on lead and cadmium accumulations in the soils and plants of wheat and barley. Water and Irrigation Management, 9(2), 321-332.
Heidarpour, M., Khoshravesh, M., Moshaveri, Y. (2016). Effect of magnetized saline water on soil and water amendment in trickle irrigation. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 23(2), 179-193. (In Farsi)
Izadpanah, M., & Sarrafzadeh, M. (2020). Investigating the Potential of Swimming Pools Sullage Reuse for Landscape Irrigation, Case Study: Tehran city. Journal of Water and Wastewater; Ab va Fazilab, 31(1), 99-110. (In Farsi)
Kabata-Pendias, A., & Pendias, H. (2001). Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. Third Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 413 p.
Kaboosi, K. (2017). The assessment of treated wastewater quality and the effects of mid-term irrigation on soil physical and chemical properties (case study: Bandargaz-treated wastewater). Applied Water Science, 7(5), 2385-2396.
Karimi, M. (2013). Investigation of the effect of air pollution caused by Zanjan lead and zinc factory on the amount of lead in the blood of residents, plants and soil of the region. Master Thesis, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. (In Farsi)
Kashif, S. R., Akram, M., Yaseen, M., & Ali, S. (2009). Studies on heavy metals status and their uptake by vegetables in adjoining areas of Hudiara drain in Lahore. Soil Environ, 28(1), 7-12.
Khoshravesh, M., & Kiani, A. (2015). The Effect of Magnetized Saline Water on Infiltration and Electrical Conductivity in Different Soil Textures. Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage, 9(4), 646-654. (In Farsi)
Khoshravesh, M., Divband, L., Motamedi, F., & Reihany, G. (2016). The effects of cadmium on the adsorption of Cr (VI) by nano clay (Cloisite®‌Na+). Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 23(3), 241-256. (In Farsi)
Khoshravesh, M., Erfanian, F., Pourgholam-Amiji, M. (2021). The Effect of Irrigation with Treated Magnetic Effluent on Yield and Yield Components of Maize. Water Management in Agriculture, 8(1), 115-128. (In Farsi)
Khosravi, Y., Zamani, A., Pari Zanganeh, A., & Nouri, F. (2020). Study of the Effect of Irrigation with Urban Wastewater on the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Surface Soils of the Southern Parts of Harsin, Kermanshah. Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage, 13(6), 1550-1564. (In Farsi)
Liaghat, A., Oveysi, M., Ebrahimian, H., Pourgholam-Amiji, M., & Saleh, M. (2021). Effect of Using Lead-Contaminated Water by Surface Irrigation and Subirrigation on Silage Maize Yield and Uptake. Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage, 15(1), 1-16. (In Farsi)
Liaghat, A., Pourgholam-Amiji, M., & Mashhouri Nejad, P. (2018). The Effect of Surface and Subsurface Irrigation with Saline Water and Mulch on Corn Yield, Water Productivity and Solute Distribution in the Soil. Water and Soil, 32(4), 661-674. (In Farsi)
Liu, J., Xue, J., Yuan, D., Wei, X., & Su, H. (2020). Surfactant Washing to Remove Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil: A Review. Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering), 13(1), 3-16.
Meng, W., Wang, Z., Hu, B., Wang, Z., Li, H., & Goodman, R. C. (2016). Heavy metals in soil and plants after long-term sewage irrigation at Tianjin China: A case study assessment. Agricultural Water Management, 171, 153-161.
Mohamed, A. I. (2013). Effects of magnetized low quality water on some soil properties and plant growth. International Journal of Research in Chemistry and Environment, 3(2), 140-147.
Mostafazadeh-Fard, B., Khoshravesh, M., Mousavi, S. F., & Kiani, A. R. (2012). Effects of magnetized water on soil chemical components underneath trickle irrigation. Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering, 138(12), 1075-1081.
Naser, H. M., Shil, N. C., Mahmud, N. U., Rashid, M. H., & Hossain, K. M. (2009). Lead, cadmium and nickel contents of vegetables grown in industrially polluted and non-polluted areas of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 34(4), 545-554.
Pourgholam-Amiji, M., Khoshravesh, M., Waqas, M. M., & Mirzaei, S. M. J. (2020). Study of Combined Magnetized Water and Salinity on Soil Permeability in North of Iran. Big Data in Agriculture (BDA), 2(2), 69-73.
Pourgholam-Amiji, M., Liaghat, A., Khoshravesh, M., & Azamathulla, H. M. (2021). Improving rice water productivity using alternative irrigation (case study: north of Iran). Water Supply, 21(3), 1216-1227.
Rahimi, G., & Ebrahimi, E. (2021). The Impact of Organic and Inorganic Amendments on Removal of Heavy Metals in Soils Polluted with Sewage Sludge. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 51(12), 3071-3085. (In Farsi)
Rezapour, S., Atashpaz, B., Moghaddam, S. S., & Damalas, C. A. (2019). Heavy metal bioavailability and accumulation in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) irrigated with treated wastewater in calcareous soils. Science of the Total Environment, 656, 261-269.
Rosensweig, R. E. (2002). Heating magnetic fluid with alternating magnetic field. Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials, 252, 370-374.
Saliha, B. B. (2005). Bioefficacy testing of GMX online magnetic water conditioner in grapes var. muscat. Tamil Nadu agricultural university. Project Completion Project.
Samadi, M. (2016). Application investigation of electromagnetism on dripper clogging in irrigation with agricultural effluent. Master Thesis in Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. (In Farsi)
Sergey, G., & Svetlana, S. (2002). Heavy metals as contaminants of agricultural lands of Belarus. In 17. World congress of soil science,, Bangkok (Thailand), 14-21 Aug 2002.
Wei, Z., Paredes, P., Liu, Y., Chi, W. W., & Pereira, L. S. (2015). Modelling transpiration, soil evaporation and yield prediction of soybean in North China Plain. Agricultural Water Management, 147, 43-53.
Willer, H., & Lernoud, J. (2019). The world of organic agriculture. Statistics and emerging trends 2019 (pp. 1-336). Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL and IFOAM Organics International.