تأثیر محلول‌پاشی عناصر روی و فسفر بر صفات ریخت‌شناسی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دو رقم برنج (هاشمی و شیرودی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور

2 موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، آمل، ایران

3 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

4 دانشیار پژوهشی/ موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور

چکیده

فسفر دومین عنصر پرمصرف و روی مهم‌ترین عنصر کم‌‌مصرف می‌باشند که اثرات ناشی از کمبود آن‌ها گسترده‌ترین ناهنجاری‌های تغذیه‌ای را در اراضی شالیزاری جهان ایجاد می‌کنند. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی عناصر روی و فسفر بر صفات ریخت‌شناسی (مورفولوژیک)، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج ارقام هاشمی (محلی) و شیرودی (اصلاح‌شده)، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل با سه فاکتور شامل روی، فسفر (هرکدام در سه سطح و فاکتور رقم (در دو سطح)) در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در طی دو سال زراعی 1397-1396در مزرعه پژوهشی معاونت مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور –آمل انجام گردید. نتایج نشان داد بالاترین میزان و درصد افزایش صفات نسبت به شاهد در اثر محلول‌پاشی با روی و فسفر پنج در هزار در مراحل شروع آبستنی و رسیدگی دانه عبارت‌اند از: 88/14 و 6 درصدی طول و 2/9 و 2/10 درصدی عرض برگ پرچم، عملکرد دانه در رقم هاشمی و شیرودی به ترتیب 4020 (5/17درصد) و 6571 (9 درصد) کیلوگرم در هکتار، عملکرد زیست‌توده 9884 و 12640 کیلوگرم در هکتار (به ترتیب 16 و 20 درصد) و شاخص برداشت 45 و 54 درصد (به ترتیب 8 و 20 درصد) به ثبت رسید. همچنین بالاترین میزان دانه پر در رقم هاشمی و شیرودی به ترتیب 114(10 درصد) و 156 (6 درصد) و کمترین تعداد دانه پوک نیز به ترتیب با 5 (10) و 14(40) عدد مربوط به تیمار محلول‍پاشی با روی در مرحله رسیدگی دانه است. به نظر می‌رسد محلول‌پاشی با روی و فسفر پنج در هزار در مراحل شروع آبستنی و در رسیدگی دانه می‌تواند راهکاری مفیدی برای ارتقای کمی و کیفی عملکرد برنج ارقام موردبررسی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Zinc and Phosphorus Foliar Application on Morphological Characters, Grain Yield and Yield Components of Two Rice Varieties (Hashemi (Local) and Shiroodi (Improved))

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahram MahmoudSoltani 1
  • Mohammad Taghi Karbalaei aghamaleki 2
  • Mehrzad Allagholipoor 3
  • Masood Kavoosi 4
  • Abbas Shahdi Kumelh 3
1 Academic member of rice research institute of Iran
2 Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organisation (AREEO), Amol, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and extension, rasht, Iran ,
4 Associate professor rice research institute of Iran
چکیده [English]

Phosphorus (P) as the second most important macronutrients and zinc (Zn) as the most important micronutrient that the effects due their deficiency causes the most widespread nutrienal disorders in the world paddy fields. The current study conducted to invetstigate the effect of Zn and P foliar application on the morphological characters, yield and yield component of two rice varieties (Hashemi and Shiroudi). The three factors factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized blocks design with three replications at rice research institute of Iran (Deputy of Amol) in 2017-2018. The reults indicated that the highest rate and the percentage increase through the applied treatments (Zn and P foliar application at the start of the booting and (or) the ripening stages increasd the traits of Hashemi and Shirioodi cultivars as follows: grain yield, 4020 (17.5%) and 6571 (9%) kg ha-1; biological yield, 9884 (16%) and 12640 (20%); harvest index, 45 (8%) and 54 20) present; filled grain number, and 114 (10) and 156 (6%). Also the maximum number of filled grain was recorded for Hashemi and Shirioodiat by about 114 (10% increase) and 156 (6% increase), respectively, and the highest number of unfilled grain was observed around 5 (10% reduce) and 14 (40% reduce) in the Hashemi and Shiroudi varieties, respectively due to foliar application of Zn at the grain filling stages. It can be concluded that the foliar application of Zn and P at the start of the booting and the grain filling stages might be the proper treatment to enhance the studied rice cultivars yield and yield component.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Foliar spray
  • Local varieties
  • Improved varieties
  • macronutrients
  • micronutrients
Abbas, M., Shah, J. A., Irfan, M. and Memon, M. Y. (2016). Evaluating nitrogen and phosphorus requirement for the economical harvest of rice genotype ‘NIA-19/A’. Science International28(4), 3977-3982.
Abbasian, A. and Aminpanah, H. (2017). Effects of Previous Crop and Rate of Phosphorous Fertilizer Application on Yield and Yield Components of Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cv. Shiroudi. Journal of Crop Physiology, 11(4), 889-904.
Akter, S. (2017). Effect of flag leaf removal on growth and yield of six modern rice varieties in aman season (Doctoral dissertation, Dept. of Agricultural Botany). Department of Agricultural Botany Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University.50pp.
Allagholipoor, M. (2016). Analysis of grain yield stability of new rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes originated from Iranian local cultivars. Iranain Journal of Crop Science, 18(301), 289-294.
Alloway, B. J. (2009). Soil factors associated with zinc deficiency in crops and humans. Environmental Geochemistry and Health31(5), 537-548.
Arif, M., Shehzad, M. A., Bashir, F., Tasneem, M., Yasin, G., and Iqbal, M. (2012). Boron, zinc and microtone effects on growth, chlorophyll contents and yield attributes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(48), 10851-10858.
Bates, R. G., and Vijh, A. K. (1973). Determination of pH: theory and practice. Journal of The Electrochemical Society120(8), 263C.
Bower, C. A., Reitemeier, R. F., and Fireman, M. (1952). Exchangeable cation analysis of saline and alkali soils. Soil Science73(4), 251-262.
Bremner, J. M. (1965). Total nitrogen. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 9, 1149-1178.
Broadley, M. R., White, P. J., Hammond, J. P., Zelko, I., and Lux, A. 2007. Zinc in plants. New Phytol. 173, 677–702.
Cakmak, I. (2008). Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: agronomic or genetic bio-fortification? Plant and Soil, 302(1-2),1-17.
Chakeralhosseini, M. R., Mohtashami, R., and Owliaie, H. R. (2009). Effects of rate, source, and method of zinc fertilizer application on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of rice (Choram 1). Journal of Research in Agricultural Science, 5 (1), 33-43. (in Persian with English abstract).
Chang, H. B., Lin, C. W., and Huang, H. J. (2005). Zinc-induced cell death in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots. Plant Growth Regulation46(3), 261-266.
Dobermann, A., Cassman, K. G., Mamaril, C. P., Sheehy, J. E. (1998). Management of phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur in intensive, irrigated lowland rice. Field Crop Research, 56, 113–138.
FAO. (2018). Rice market monitor. Vol. XVI, Trade and Markets Division. Rome.
Fageria, N. K., Moreira, A. and Coelho, A. M. (2011). Yield and yield components of upland rice as influenced by nitrogen sources. Journal of Plant Nutrition34(3), 361-370.
Firoozjaii,G. K., Habibi,H., Sudai Mashai, S. and Fotookiyan, M. T. (2012). The effect of foliar spray of fertilizers and growth hormone on seed germination characters. Seed Research, 2(2), 1-10.
Gee, G. W., and Bauder, J. W. (1986). Particle‐size analysis. Methods of soil analysis: Part 1 Physical and MineralogicalMethods5, 383-411.
Hoseinzadeh, H., Mahdavi Damghani, A., and Delkhosh, B. (2012). The effects of zinc sulphate foliar application on yield and yield components of rice (Shiroodi Cultivar). The Journal of New Findings of Agriculture, 7(1), 47-55.(In Farsi).
Hussain, S., Maqsood, M. A., Rengel, Z. and Aziz, T. (2012). Biofortification and estimated human bioavailability of zinc in wheat grains as influenced by methods of zinc application. Plant and Soil361(1-2), 279-290.
Iran Nejad, H., and Shahbazian, N. (2002). Cereals Agronomy. Second edition, Karand Press. (In Persian).
Jiang, W., Struik, P. C., Lingna, J., Van Keulen, H., Ming, Z. and Stomph, T. J. (2007). Uptake and distribution of root-applied or foliar-applied 65Zn after flowering in aerobic rice. Annals of Applied Biology, 150(3), 383-391.
Joshi, G., Pandy, S. (2005). Effects of farmers’ perception on the adoption of modern rice varieties in Nepal. Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development. Stuttgart-Hohenheim, 11-13 October 2005.
Khampuang, K., Lordkaew, S., Dell, B. and Prom-u-thai, C. (2020). Foliar zinc application improved grain zinc accumulation and bioavailable zinc in unpolished and polished rice. Plant Production Science, 1-9.
Khan, M. U., Qasim, M. and Jamil, M. (2002). Effect of different levels of zinc on the extractable zinc content of soil and chemical composition of rice. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 1(1), 20-21.
Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H., Sadrarhami, A., Sharifi, H. R., Afiuni, D. and Schulin, R. (2009). Selecting zinc-efficient wheat genotypes with high grain yield using a stress tolerance index. Agronomy Journal101(6), 1409-1416.
Kulhare, P.S., Tagore, G. S. and Sharma, G. D. (2017). Effect of foliar spray and sources of zinc on yield, zinc content and uptake by rice grown in a Vertisols of central India. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 5(2), 35-38.
Kumar, D., Kumar, R., Singh, P. and Kumar, P. (2017). Effect of different zinc management practices on growth, yield, protein content, nutrient uptake and economics on rice under partially reclaimed saltaffected soil. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 6(5), 638-640
Kumar, R., Kumar, M., Yadav, S. and Kumar, R. (2020). Effect of Sources and Methods of Zinc Application on Productivity, Nutrient Uptake and Zinc Use Efficiency of Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 9(1), 2231-2242.
Kumari, P., Singh, A.K., Dewangan, P. K., Pankaj, S. C. and Lakra, A. K. (2017). Effect of foliar application of nutrients on soybean. Journal of Plant Development Sciences9(3), 261-264.
Lindsay, W. L., and Norvell, W. (1978). Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper 1. Soil science society of America journal42(3), 421-428.
Mafi, S., Sadeghi, M., and Doroodian, H. R. (2013). The effect of P and Zn fertilizers on yield and yield component of rice (Hashemi cultivar). First National Conference on Sustainable Agriculture And Healthy Environment. Azad University, Hamedan Branch. Hamedan. Iran.
Mahmoudi, M., Malakooti, M. J., and Ramezanpour, M. (2004). A study on the effects of zinc sulphate on two varieties of rice in the east of Mazandaran province. Journal of Science And Technology of Agriculture And Natural Resources,11(2), 55-63.
Mahmoudsoltani S, Mohamed, M.H., Samsuri, A., Syed, M. and Sharifah, K. (2017). Lime and Zn application effects on soil and plant Zn status at different growth stages of rice in tropical acid sulphate paddy soil. Azarian Journal of Agriculture4(4), 127-138.
Mahmoudoltani, S. (2019). Quantitative and qualitative improvement of rice grain in paddy field through macro and micronutrient management strategies (focus on phosphorus and zinc). Final project report. Rice Research Institute of Iran. Rasht. Iran.
Mahmoudsoltani, S. (2020b). Zn biofortification, grain protein content, and zinc and phosphorus content of rice tissues at different growth stages affected by zinc and phosphorus foliar application. Iran J Soil Water Res. (Accepted)(In Persian).
Mahmoudsoltani, S. 2018. Zinc deficiency, causes, symptoms and solutions. Technical Bulletin. Rice research institute of Iran.31p.
Mahmoudsoltani, S., Allahgholipoor,M., Shakoori, M. and Poursafar tabalvandani, A. (2020a). Effect of basal and foliar application of zinc sulphate fertilizer on zinc uptake, yield and yield components of rice (Hashemi cultivar). Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Researches. (in press)(in Persian with English abstract).
Mahmoudsoltani, S., Hanafi, M. M., Samsuri, A. W., Muhammed, S. K. S. and Hakim, M. A. (2016). Rice growth improvement and grains bio-fortification through lime and zinc application in zinc deficit tropical acid sulphate soils. Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability28(1-4), 152-162.
Mahmoudsoltani, S., Mohamed, M. H., Abdul, W. S. and Sharifah, K. (2017). Lime and Zn interactions effects on yield, yield component, and quality of rice in Zn deficit tropical paddy soil. Azarian Journal of Agriculture4(5), 185-192.
Malakooti, M. J. and Tehrani, M. M. (1993). The Role of Micro Nutrients in Crop Yield and Quality Improvement (Micro-elements with Grand Effect). Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran (In Persian).
Malakooti, M. J., and Kavoosi, M. (2004). Balance nutrition of rice. SANA publication press. Tehran, Iran.p 610.
Mannan, M. A., M. S. U. Bhuiya, H. M. A. Hossain, and M. I. M. Akhand. 2010. Optimization of nitrogen rate for aromatic Basmati rice (Oriza sativa L.). Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 35(1),157-165.
Matsuzaki, T., (2001). Control method of the pecky rice bugs in Toyama Prefecture. Plant Prot, (55), 451-454.
Mohadesi, A., Allagholipoor, M., Bahrami, M., and Arefi, H. (2006). Introducing new rice variety, Shiroodi. The 9th Congress of Agronomy And Breeding. Trhran, Iran.
Moosavi, S. G., Mohamadi, A., Baradaran, R., Seghatolislam, M. J. and Amiri, A. 2015. Effect of different N fertilizer amounts on morphological characters, yield and yield component of three rice cultivars. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 13(1), 146-152.
Mustafa, G., Ehsanullah, A.N., Qaisrani, S.A., Iqbal, A., Khan, H.Z., Jabran, K., Chattha, A.A., Trethowan, R., Chattha, T. and Atta, B.M.  (2011). Effect of zinc application on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal for Agro Veterinary and Medical Sciences5(6), 530-535.
Olsen, S. R. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate (No. 939). US Department of Agriculture.
Potarzycki, J. and Grzebisz, W. (2009). Effect of zinc foliar application on grain yield of maize and its yielding compone. Plant, Soil and Environment55(12), 519-527.
Rahman, K. M., Chowdhury, M. A. K., Sharmeen, F., Sarkar, A., Hye, M.A., Biswas, G.C. and Sarkar, A. (2011). Effect of zinc and phosphorus on yield of Oryza sativa (cv. br-11). Bangladesh Research Publications Journal5(4), 315-358.
Ramanthan, S., Stalin, P., Thilagavathi, T., Natarajan, K. and Ankorion, Y. (2002). Foliar nutrition of peak on rice. Proceeding of the 17th WCSS, 14-21.
Ramazani, A., Solhi, M. and Rezaei M. (2018). Effects of Foliar Application of Zinc Fertilizer on Grain Yield and Zinc Content of Rice Grain cv. Sazandegi. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 16(1), 125-136. (In Farsi).
Rehim, A., Zafar-ul-Hye, M., Imran, M., Ali, M. A., and Hussain, M. (2014). Phosphorus and zinc application improves rice productivity. Pakistan journal of science66(2), 134.
Rehman, H. U., Aziz, T., Farooq, M., Wakeel, A. and Rengel, Z. (2012). Zinc nutrition in rice production systems: a review. Plant and Soil361(1-2), 203-226.
Roades, J. D. (1982). Soluble salts. p. 167-179. In A. L. Page et.al. (ed). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Sabouri, H., Navabpour, M. and Mohammad, E. M. (2011). Determination Of Genetic Structure Of Agronomic Rice Traits Using Classical And Molecular Approach. Journal  of Plant Production, 18(4)45-72.
Sedghi, M., and Sharifi, R. S. (2013). Effects of foliar supplements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on grain yield and macro element transport and adsorption efficiency of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.). Research in Field Crops. 1(1), 64-75.
Shivay, Y. S., Prasad, R. and Rahal, A. (2010). Genotypic variation for productivity, zinc utilization efficiencies, and kernel quality in aromatic rice under low available zinc conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 33, 1835-1848
Shahdi Kumleh, A., and M. Kavossi. 2004. Evaluation of interaction of silica and phosphorous on the growth and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 35(3) 581-586. (In Farsi).
Shokrivahed, H. (2009). The effects of foliar supplements of micro nutrients on the yield and yield components of Hashemi rice variety. Final report of Rice Research Institute of Iran.20pp. (In Farsi).
Shokrivahed, H., Dorosti, H., Majidi, F. (2011). Effects of foliar supplements of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium on the yield and yield components of Hybrid rice variety. Final report. Rice Research Institute of Iran. Rasht, Iran.20pp.
Singh, A. K. Singh, N. P., Nongkyarih, P. (2014). Response of rice to Zn in the soils of Meghalaya. Fertilizer News, 47(8), 53-54
Srivastava, P. C., Bhatt, M., Pachauri, S. P. and Tyagi, A. K. (2014). Effect of zinc application methods on apparent utilization efficiency of zinc and phosphorus fertilizers under basmati rice–wheat rotation. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science60(1),33-48.
Talib, S., Bhat, M. A., Hussain, A., Ganai, M. A. and Teli, N. A. (2016). Effect of levels and sources of zinc on growth, yield and economics of rice (Oryza sativa) under temperate conditions. Indian Journal of Agronomy61(2), 186-190.
Thomas, G.W. (1982). Exchangeable cations. In: Page A L., Miller R.H. and Keeney D.R. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis- Part 2. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, 159-165.
Tonini, A. and Cabrera, E. (2011). Opportunities for global rice research in a changing world (No. 2215-2019-1630).
Turner, F. T. and Jund, M. F. (1991). Chlorophyll meter to predict nitrogen topdress requirement for semidwarf rice. Agronomy Journal83(5), 926-928.
Uphoff, N. (2005). The development of the System of Rice Intensification. Participatory research and development for sustainable agriculture and rural development, 3, 119-125.
Valinejad, M. (2001). Determination of critical level of potassium and zinc in several paddy fields of Mazandaran province. Soil Science master's thesis. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran. Tehran, Iran. (in Farsi with English abstract).
Verma, V. K., Meena, R.N., Maurya, S. P., Bahadur, S. and Gautam, A. (2015). Maniram, Effect of sources of zinc and various crop establishment methods on growth, yield and yield attributes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Eastern UP, Ecology. Ecology, Environmental and conservation.
Walkley, A., and Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science37(1), 29-38.
Wijebandara, D. M. D. I., Dasog, G. S., Patil, P. L., and Hebbar, M. (2009). Effect of nutrient levels and biofertilizer on growth and yield of paddy under System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and conventional methods of cultivation. Tropical Agricultural Research, 20, 343-353.
Yazdani Motlag, N., Reyhanitabar, A. and Najafi, N. (2013). Effects of combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus on their, and as well on potassium uptake by rice plant under flooded vs. non-flooded conditions. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 44(2), 183-192. (In Farsi).
Yosef Tabar, S. (2012). Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on growth and yield rice (Oryza sativa L). International journal of agronomy and Plant Production3(12), 579-584.
Yousefi, M. and Zandi, P. (2012). Effect of foliar application of zinc and manganese on yield of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) under two irrigation patterns. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Agronomy15(4), 1-9.
Zayed, B. A., Salem, A. K. M., and El Sharkawy, H. M. (2011). Effect of different micronutrient treatments on rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and yield under saline soil conditions. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 7 (2), 179-184.
Zhu, C., Gao, X., Shi, R., Fan, X. and Zhang, F. (2008). Micronutrient deficiencies in crop production in China. In Micronutrient deficiencies in global crop production (pp. 127-148). Springer, Dordrecht.
Zulfigar, U., Hussain, S., Maqsood, M., Ishfaq, M., & Ali, N.(2020). Zinc nutrition in puddled transplanted and direct seeded production systems to enhance productivity, zinc use efficiency and grain biofortification of fine aromatic rice. Crop Science(Accepted).