Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination of Soil Particle Size Fractions in Different Land Uses of Baghan Watershed, Bushehr province, Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord,shahrekord, Iran

2 Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord,shahrekor, Iran

Abstract

Watersheds are the sources of drinking water for cities and villages, and their pollution with heavy elements threatens the health of the inhabitants who use their water and agricultural products. Considering the importance of Baghan watershed in Bushehr province, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the contamination of soil particle size fractions (<63 and <2000 µm) by some heavy metals (Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Fe) in three major land uses (range lands, croplands and orchards). Location of 120 surficial composite soil samples (0-20 cm) were determined using the Latin Hypercube technique on the topographical map. After pretreatment of soil samples, heavy metals were extracted by the Sposito method and measured using an atomic absorption spectrometry and geochemical pollution indicators including contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and the pollution load index (PLI) were calculated. A significant increase in the concentration of Cu, Cd, and Fe has been observed by decreasing the particle size in different land uses. The contamination factor (CF) for particle sizes <2000 and <63 were ordered as Cd>Mn>Pb>Ni>Cu>Zn>Fe and Cd>Mn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Zn>Fe, respectively. The CF index indicates that the orchard soils for Cd were considerably polluted and for other metals moderatly polluted. Positive and significant amount of geo-accumulation index (Igeo) for Cd and Mn was observed for both soil particle classes in all land uses. Overall, the results of this study confirmed concentration of some heavy metals in smaller particles size. Comparing contaminants concentration of Cd and Mn in croplands and orchards soils with the range lands soils indicated anthropogenic effects on soil pollution. The results revealed risk of heavy metals in the watershed and necessity of reconsidering management policies.

Keywords

References

Acosta, J. A., Cano, A. F., Arocena, J. M., Debela, F., & Martínez-Martínez, S. (2009). Distribution of metals in soil particle size fractions and its implication to risk assessment of playgrounds in Murcia City (Spain). Geoderma, 149(1-2), 101-109.‏
Afshari, A., & khademi, H., & delavar, M. (2015). Heavy metals contamination assessment in soils of different land uses in central district of zanjan province using contamination factor. Water and soil science (agricultural science), 25(4/2), 41-52.
Afshari A. )2012(. Factors affecting the spatial distribution of selected heavy metals in surface soils of Zanjan and their profile  variations. MSC  thesis  in  Soil  Science,  Faculty  of  Agriculture,  Isfahan  University  of  Technology. (In Persian).
Ali-Ahyai M., & Behbahani Zadeh, A. A. (1993) .Methods of Soil Analysis Descriptions. Soil and Water Research Institute .Technical Paper, No. 893. Tehran (In Persian)
Alloway, B. J. (1990). Heavy Metals in Soils, Blackie and Son, Ltd. Glasgow and London.
Bacon, J. R., & Hewitt, I. J. (2005). Heavy metals deposited from the atmosphere on upland Scottish soils: chemical and lead isotope studies of the association of metals with soil components. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69(1), 19-33.‏
Banaei, M. H. (1998). Soil Moisture and Temperature Regime Map of Iran. Soil and Water Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Iran.
Barzin, M., Kheirabadi, H., & Afyuni, M. (2015). An investigation into pollution of selected heavy metals of surface soils in Hamadan province using pollution index. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 19(72), 69-80(In Persian).‏
Bhuiyan, M. A., Parvez, L., Islam, M. A., Dampare, S. B., & Suzuki, S. (2010). Heavy metal pollution of coal mine-affected agricultural soils in the northern part of Bangladesh. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 173(1-3), 384-392.‏
Bouyoucos, G. J. (1962). Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils. Agronomy journal, 54(5), 464-465.‏
Cao, H.F., Chang, A.C., Page, A.L., )1984(. Heavy metal contents of Sludge-treated Soil as determined by three Extraction Procedures, jornal of Qual , 13(4), pp. 632 - 634 .
Chandrasekaran, A., Ravisankar, R., Harikrishnan, N., Satapathy, K. K., Prasad, M. V. R., & Kanagasabapathy, K. V. (2015). Multivariate statistical analysis of heavy metal concentration in soils of Yelagiri Hills, Tamilnadu, India–Spectroscopical approach. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 137, 589-600.‏
Chonokhuu, S., Batbold, C., Chuluunpurev, B., Battsengel, E., Dorjsuren, B., & Byambaa, B. (2019). Contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in the soil of major cities in mongolia. International journal of Environmental Research And Public Health, 16(14), 2552.‏
Egbe, E. R., Nsonwu-Anyanwu, A. C., Offor, S. J., Opara Usoro, C. A., & Etukudo, M. H. (2019). Heavy metal content of the soil in the vicinity of the united cement factory in Southern Nigeria. Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research, 7(2), 122-130.‏
Fanavaran Ab Sazeh. )2010 (. Environmental Assessment Studies of Baghan Dam (Bushehr Province).(In Persian).
Gilbert, R.O. 1987 Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 320 pp.
Gowd, S. S., Reddy, M. R., & Govil, P. K. (2010). Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils at Jajmau (Kanpur) and Unnao industrial areas of the Ganga Plain, Uttar Pradesh, India. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 174(1-3), 113-121.‏
Hakanson, L. (1980). An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach. Water Research, 14(8), 975-1001.‏
Ju, X. T., Kou, C. L., Christie, P., Dou, Z. X., & Zhang, F. S. (2007). Changes in the soil environment from excessive application of fertilizers and manures to two contrasting intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain. Environmental Pollution, 145(2), 497-506.‏
Kabata-Pendias, A., & Mukherjee, A. B. (2007). Trace Elements From Soil To Human. Springer Science & Business Media.‏550 pp.
Kabata-Pendias, A. (2010). Trace Elements In Soils And Plants. CRC press.‏
Kapusta, P., Szarek-Łukaszewska, G., & Stefanowicz, A. M. (2011). Direct and indirect effects of metal contamination on soil biota in a Zn–Pb post-mining and smelting area (S Poland). Environmental Pollution, 159(6), 1516-1522.‏
Li, F., Zhang, J., Huang, J., Huang, D., Yang, J., Song, Y., & Zeng, G. (2016). Heavy metals in road dust from Xiandao District, Changsha City, China: characteristics, health risk assessment, and integrated source identification. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(13), 13100-13113.‏
Li, X., & Feng, L. (2012). Multivariate and geostatistical analyzes of metals in urban soil of Weinan industrial areas, Northwest of China. Atmospheric Environment, 47, 58-65.‏
Likuku, A. S., Mmolawa, K. B., & Gaboutloeloe, G. K. (2013). Assessment of heavy metal enrichment and degree of contamination around the copper-nickel mine in the Selebi Phikwe Region, Eastern Botswana. Environment and Ecology Research, 1(2), 15-17.‏
Luo, C., Liu, C., Wang, Y., Liu, X., Li, F., Zhang, G., & Li, X. (2011). Heavy metal contamination in soils and vegetables near an e-waste processing site, south China. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186(1), 481-490.‏
Lv, J., & Liu, Y. (2019). An integrated approach to identify quantitative sources and hazardous areas of heavy metals in soils. Science of the Total Environment, 646, 19-28.‏
Mahmoudabadi, E., Sarmadian, F., & Moghaddam, R. N. (2015). Spatial distribution of soil heavy metals in different land uses of an industrial area of Tehran (Iran). International journal of Environmental Science And Technology, 12(10), 3283-3298(In Persian)..‏
mahmoudi, s., & mohammadi, j., & naderi, m. (2013). statistical and spatial distribution of some heavy metals in surface soil particle size fractions in south of isfahan. journal of water and soil conservation (journal of Agricultural Sciences And Natural Resources), 20(2), 1-22.
 Martín, J. R., Ramos-Miras, J. J., Boluda, R., & Gil, C. (2013). Spatial relations of heavy metals in arable and greenhouse soils of a Mediterranean environment region (Spain). Geoderma, 200, 180-188.‏
McLean, E. O. (1983). Soil pH and lime requirement. Methods Of Soil Analysis: Part 2 Chemical And Microbiological Properties, 9, 199-224.‏
Mirzaei, M., & Solgi, E. (2016). Evaluation of heavy metals concentration (cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc) in sediments of Zayandehrood River. Journal of Research in Environmental Health, 1(4), 251-265.‏
Moore, F., & kargar, S., & Rastmanesh, F. (2013). Heavy metal concentration of soils affected by zn-smelter activities in the qeshm island, iran. Journal of Sciences Islamic Republic Of Iran, 24(4), 339-346.
Moosavi Shahraki M. 2016. Environmental assessment of heavy metal pollution in the soil of Zarghan region.83 PP. (In Persain).
Nelson, D. W., & Sommers, L. (1983). Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Methods of soil analysis: Part 2 Chemical And Microbiological Properties, 9, 539-579.‏
Olsen SR, Dean LA. (1965). Phosphorus 1. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. (methodsofsoilanb):1035-49.
Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney DR. )1982(. Methods of soil analysis. American Society of Agronomy.
Roudier, P., Beaudette, D., & Hewitt, A. (2012). A conditioned Latin hypercube sampling algorithm incorporating operational constraints. Digital Soil Assessments And Beyond, 227-231.‏
Sadat Madani A, Sefyanian A, Mirgafari, Khodakarai L. (2010). Determination of spatial distribution of Heavy Metals Iron, cobalt and vanadium in surface soil of hamadan province, Geomatics Conference, Tehran, National Mapping Agency, Iran; 1-10 (In Persian).
Sarlak, M. R. (2015). Characterization of the particle size fraction associated heavy metals in arable soils from Ahwaz size, Iran. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4(7), 65-75.‏
Sayadi, M. H., Shabani, M., & Ahmadpour, N. (2015). Pollution index and ecological risk of heavy metals in the surface soils of Amir-Abad Area in Birjand City, Iran. Health Scope, 4(1):ee21137‏.
Sayadi, M. H. (2017). Grain size fraction of heavy metals in soil and their relationship with land use. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 7(1), 1.‏
Sun, Y., Zhou, Q., Xie, X., & Liu, R. (2010). Spatial, sources and risk assessment of heavy metal contamination of urban soils in typical regions of Shenyang, China. Journal of hazardous materials, 174(1-3), 455-462.‏
Tayebi, M., Naderi, M., & Mohammadi, J. (2017). spatial distribution of some heavy metals in different soil particle size fractions in Kafe Moor, Kerman Province, Iran. Journal of Water and Soil Science-Isfahan University of Technology, 21(3), 55-68(In Persian)..‏
Walkley, A., & Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37(1), 29-38.‏
Wang, X. S., Qin, Y., & Chen, Y. K. (2006). Heavy meals in urban roadside soils, part 1: effect of particle size fractions on heavy metals partitioning. Environmental Geology, 50(7), 1061-1066.‏
Wei, M., Chen, J., Sun, Z., Lv, C., & Cai, W. (2015). Distribution of heavy metals in different size fractions of agricultural soils closer to mining area and its relationship to TOC and Eh. In Proceedings of the World congress on New Technologies, Barcelona, Spain (pp. 200-206).‏
Yan, X., Liu, M., Zhong, J., Guo, J., & Wu, W. (2018). How human activities affect heavy metal contamination of soil and sediment in a long-term reclaimed area of the Liaohe River Delta, North China. Sustainability, 10(2), 338.‏
Yang, Y., Li, Y., & Zhang, J. (2016). Chemical speciation of cadmium and lead and their bioavailability to cole (Brassica campestris L.) from multi-metals contaminated soil in northwestern China. Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability, 28(1-4), 33-41.‏
Yu, S., & Li, X. D. (2011). Distribution, availability, and sources of trace metals in different particle size fractions of urban soils in Hong Kong: implications for assessing the risk to human health. Environmental Pollution, 159(5), 1317-1326.‏
Zheng, R., Jiale, Z. H. A. O., Xiu, Z. H. O. U., Chao, M. A., Li, W. A. N. G., & Xiaojiang, G. A. O. (2016). Land use effects on the distribution and speciation of heavy metals and arsenic in coastal soils on Chongming Island in the Yangtze River Estuary, China. Pedosphere, 26(1), 74-84.‏
Zhuang, Q., Li, G., & Liu, Z. (2018). Distribution, source and pollution level of heavy metals in river sediments from South China. Catena, 170, 386-396.‏
 
 
 
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
Volume 52, Issue 7
October 2021
Pages 1765-1778

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics